Ishingwa n'Ikurwaho rya Oligomers
Ibibazo bijyanye n'ubusembwa bw'irangi buterwa na oligomers birakunze kugaragara. Bibangamira cyane ireme ry'ibicuruzwa, bikanduza ibikoresho kandi bigatera isuku kugorana. Ibisobanuro birambuye ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Ibisobanuro
Oligomer, izwi kandi nka polymer nke, ni ibintu bifite molekile nke bifite imiterere imwe n’iy’imigozi ya polyester, biba imbere mu migozi ya polyester. Ni ibintu bikomoka ku bicuruzwa biva mu gihe cyo kuzunguruka polyester. Muri rusange, polyester irimo 1% kugeza kuri 3% bya oligomer.
Oligomeri ni polymer igizwe n'umubare muto w'ibice bisubiramo, ifite uburemere bwa molekile hagati ya molekile nto na macromolecules. Inyuguti ya mbere "oligo-" ikomoka ku ijambo ry'Ikigirikioligo, bisobanura “kenshi”. Oligomer nyinshi za polyester ni ibintu bizunguruka bigizwe n'ibice bitatu bya ethylene terephthalate.
2. Ingaruka
Oligomer zitera amabara n'ibizinga ku myenda, ndetse no kurema ifu yera mu gihe cyo gusiga irangi ry'ubudodo.
Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 120°C, oligomer zishongera mu gipimo cy'irangi hanyuma zigahinduka ifu, zigahuzwa n'irangi ryakusanyijwe. Iyo bikonje, zishyirwa ku bikoresho cyangwa ku myenda bigatuma habaho inenge nk'amabara n'ibizinga. Gusiga irangi hakoreshejwe amarangi atatanye akenshi bisaba ko ubushyuhe buguma kuri 130°C mu gihe cy'iminota 30 kugira ngo irangi ribe rirerire kandi ribe rito.
Ibisubizo bihuye ni ibi bikurikira: Ku bicuruzwa bifite ibara ryoroheje, komeza ubushyuhe kuri 120°C mu gihe cy'iminota 30. Ku bicuruzwa bifite ibara ryijimye, ni ngombwa kubitunganya mbere yo kubisiga irangi. Byongeye kandi, kubisiga irangi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe ni uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura oligomers.
3. Ibisubizo byuzuye
- Shyira imyenda y'imvi mbere yo kuyitunganya ukoresheje soda ya caustic ya 3% 100% na sabune ya surfactant ya 1% kuri 130°C mu gihe cy'iminota 60, hamwe n'ikigereranyo cya alcool cya 1:10 kugeza 1:15. Iyi miti mbere yo kuyitunganya igabanya gato imigozi ya polyester ariko itanga ingaruka nziza ku gukuraho oligomer. Ishobora kugabanya urumuri rw'imyenda ya filament no kunoza uburyo imyenda ya filament idakora neza.
- Genzura ubushyuhe bwo gusiga irangi buri munsi ya 120°C kandi ushyireho irangi rijyanye n'umuvuduko w'irangi. Ubu buryo bubuza ikorwa rya oligomer mu gihe bugera ku burebure bukenewe bw'irangi.
- Shyiramo ibikoresho bikingira ibara ry’uruhu (colloid auxiliaries) bigabanya ibara mu gihe cyo kurisiga irangi. Bitanga ubushobozi bwo kurisiga irangi ku rugero rwiza kandi bikarinda oligomers kwinjirira ku myenda.
- Kuramo irangi ry'umukara vuba vuba mu mashini nyuma yo gusiga irangi ku bushyuhe bwinshi, igihe cyo gusukamo kiragarukira ku minota 5. Oligomers zikwirakwira neza mu irangi ry'umukara kuri dogere selisiyusi 100–120 ariko zikunda kwegerana no kwishyira ku bikoresho bisize irangi iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 100. Menya ko ubu buryo bushobora gutera imibyimba ku myenda iremereye.
- Gusiga irangi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Ibi bigabanya cyane ikorwa rya oligomer kandi bigakuraho ibisigazwa by'amavuta ku myenda. Amarangi akwiriye gusiga irangi rya alkaline ni yo yonyine agomba gukoreshwa.
- Kora isuku yo kugabanya ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusiga irangi. Tegura umuti wo gusukura ukoresheje 3-5 mL/L ya 32.5% (38°Bé) caustic soda na 3-4 g/L ya sodium hydrosulfite. Sukura imyenda kuri 70°C mu gihe cy'iminota 30, hanyuma woge ukonje, woge ukonje n'indi ntambwe yo gukaraba ikonje, hanyuma ushyireho aside asetiki.
4. Ibisubizo by'ifu y'umweru ku budodo
(1) Uburyo bwo gusohora amazi hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bwinshi (umuti wuzuye)
Fungura valve y'amazi ako kanya nyuma yo gukoresha ubushyuhe buhoraho kuri 130°C. Ubushyuhe bwa 120°C nabwo burakwiriye, mu gihe ubushyuhe buri hasi budasabwa, kuko 120°C ari ubushyuhe bw'impinduka mu kirahuri cya polyester.
Nubwo igikorwa gisa n'aho cyoroshye,umutekano ni wo uhangayikishije cyane kandi ni imbogamizi ikomeyeUrusaku rukomeye n'umutingito ukomeye wa mekanike bibaho iyo inzoga ishyushye cyane imaze gukurwamo. Ibikoresho bishaje bishobora kwangirika, gucika intege cyangwa gucika, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutera guturika kw'imashini zisiga amarangi (hakenewe ubwitonzi bukabije).
Guhindura ibikoresho bigomba gukorwa n'uwabikoze mbere. Ntugakore impinduka zitemewe.
Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gusohora amazi: kuyashyira mu kigega cy'amazi no kuyashyira mu kirere cyo hanze. Witondere ibintu bisubira inyuma nyuma yo kuyasohora, ibi bikaba bizwi cyane n'inganda zikora imashini zisiga amarangi zifite uburambe.
Gukuraho amazi mu bushyuhe bwinshi bigabanya igihe cyo gusiga irangi muri rusange, nyamara bishobora guteza ibibazo ku nganda zidashobora kongera gukoresha uburyo bwazo.
(2) Ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha inganda zidashobora gukora imiyoboro y'amazi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi
Simbuza imiti isanzwe yo gusukura ukoresheje imiti ya oligomer yabugenewe mu gihe cyo gusukura. Ubu buryo ntibushobora kugera ku ngaruka 100% zo gukuraho.
Sukura irangi ry’amabara buri gihe nyuma yo kurisiga irangi. Ku birahuri biri hagati n’ibijimye, sukura irangi nyuma yo kurisiga inshuro zigera kuri 5. Niba hari ifu y’umweru myinshi ku mashini zisiga irangi, gusukura irangi bigomba guhita bishyirwa imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-27-2026