Imigozi irwanya static ni ubwoko bw'imigozi idakora byoroshye yo gukusanya charges zitajegajega. Mu bihe bisanzwe, imigozi irwanya static isabwa kugira resistivity y'ingano iri munsi ya 10¹⁰Ω·cm cyangwa static charge itajegajega igice cy'ubuzima kiri munsi y'amasegonda 60.

Ibikoresho by'imyenda ahanini ni ibikoresho bikingira amashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibipimo byihariye, cyane cyane insinga zikoze mu nganda zifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubushuhe nk'insinga za polyester, acrylic, na polyvinyl chloride. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya imyenda, guhuza cyane no gukururana hagati y'insinga n'insinga cyangwa insinga n'ibice by'imashini bizatuma umuriro ukwirakwira ku buso bw'ibintu, bityo bigatanga amashanyarazi adahindagurika.

Amashanyarazi adahindagurika ashobora kuzana ingaruka mbi nyinshi. Urugero, imigozi ifite ingufu zimwe irakururana, kandi imigozi ifite ingufu zitandukanye ikurura ibice by'imashini, ibyo bigatuma umushongi uhindagurika, ubwoya bw'imashini bwiyongera, ipaki idakora neza, imigozi ifata ibice by'imashini, imashini icikamo uduce twinshi, n'imirongo itatanye ku buso bw'imyenda. Nyuma y'uko imyenda ishyushye, biroroshye kwinjiza umukungugu no kwandura, kandi bishobora gufungana hagati y'imyenda n'umubiri w'umuntu, cyangwa hagati y'imyenda n'imyenda, ndetse n'imashini zishobora gushya. Mu bihe bikomeye, ingufu zihoraho zishobora kugera kuri volti ibihumbi byinshi, kandi imashini zituruka ku gusohora zishobora gutera inkongi zikomeye.

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo guha imigozi ya sintetike n'imyenda yayo ubushobozi burambye bwo kudahinduka. Urugero, polima zifata amazi cyangwa polima zitwara amazi nke zishobora kongerwamo mu gihe cyo gupomera cyangwa kuzunguruka imigozi ya sintetike; ikoranabuhanga ryo gusimbuza rishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora imigozi ikora hamwe ifite urwego rwo hanze rusa n'amazi. Mu kuzunguruka, imigozi ikora ishobora kuvangwa n'imigozi ifite hygroscopicity ikomeye, cyangwa imigozi ifite charge nziza n'imigozi ifite charge mbi ishobora kuvangwa hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze. Gusoza biramba bishobora no gukoreshwa ku myenda.

Kugira ngo hategurwe imigozi ifite ingaruka zikomeye zo kurwanya static, surfactants zikunze kongerwa mu cyuma gizunguruka kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu mvange. Nyuma yo gukora fibre, surfactants zihora zimuka ziva imbere muri fibre zijya hejuru bitewe n’imiterere yazo, kugira ngo zigere ku ngaruka zo kurwanya static. Hariho kandi uburyo nko gufata surfactants ku buso bwa fibre ukoresheje kole cyangwa kuzihuza mu mafirime ku buso bwa fibre, kandi ingaruka ni nk’uko woza varnish ya antistatic ku buso bwa pulasitiki.

Ingaruka zo kurwanya static z'iyo fibre zifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ubushuhe bw'ibidukikije. Iyo ubushuhe buri hejuru, ubushuhe bushobora kongera imikorere ya iyoni ya surfactant, kandi imikorere ya antistatic ikarushaho kuba myiza; mu bidukikije byumye, ingaruka ziragabanuka.

Ishingiro ry'ubu bwoko bwa fibre irwanya static ni uguhindura polymer ikora fibre, no kongera hygroscopicity ya fibre binyuze mu kongeramo monomers cyangwa polymers zikunda hydrophilic, bityo bikayiha imiterere irwanya static. Byongeye kandi, sulfate y'umuringa ishobora kuvangwa mu ruganda ruzunguruka rwa acrylic, kandi nyuma yo kuzunguruka no gufungana, ivurwa n'ikintu gigabanya sulfure, gishobora kunoza imikorere myiza no kuramba kw'imigozi iyobora. Uretse kuzunguruka bisanzwe, uburyo bwo kongeramo polymers zikunda hydrophilic mu gihe cya polymerization kugira ngo habeho sisitemu yo gutatanya ibintu mu buryo bwa micro-phase bwagiye bugaragara buhoro buhoro, nko kongeramo polyethylene glycol mu mvange ya caprolactam kugira ngo hongerwe kuramba kw'imiterere irwanya static.

Ubusanzwe insinga zitwara amashanyarazi zikorwa mu byuma binyuze mu buryo bwihariye bwo gukora insinga. Insinga zisanzwe zirimo icyuma kitagira umugese, umuringa, aluminiyumu, nikeli, nibindi. Insinga nkizo zifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara amashanyarazi, zishobora gutwara amashanyarazi vuba, kandi zikavanaho neza amashanyarazi adahinduka. Ariko kandi, zifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya ingese. Ariko, iyo zikoreshejwe ku myenda, hari imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe. Urugero, insinga z'icyuma zifite ubushobozi buke bwo gufatana, kandi imbaraga zo gufatana hagati y'insinga mu gihe cyo kuzizunguza ntizihagije, ibyo bikaba bishobora guteza ibibazo by'ubwiza bw'ubudodo; ibara ry'ibicuruzwa birangiye rigengwa n'ibara ry'icyuma ubwacyo kandi ni kimwe. Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, akenshi zivanze n'insinga zisanzwe, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi bw'icyuma kugira ngo haboneke imiterere ya antistatic ku bicuruzwa bivanze, no gukoresha insinga zisanzwe kugira ngo kunoze imikorere yo kuzizunguza no kugabanya ikiguzi.

Uburyo bwo gutegura imiyoboro itwara karuboni ahanini burimo gukoresha doping, gusiga, gusiga karuboni, nibindi. Gusiga ni ukuvanga imyanda itwara karuboni mu bikoresho bikora fibre kugira ngo bihindure imiterere y'ibikoresho, bityo fibre ikagira conductivity; gusiga ni ugukora urwego rutwara karuboni rukoresheje gusiga urwego rw'ibikoresho bya karuboni bifite conductivity nziza nka karuboni umukara ku buso bwa fibre; gusiga karuboni muri rusange bikoresha viscose, acrylic, pitch, nibindi nk'imiyoboro ibanziriza, kandi ikayihinduramo imiyoboro itwara karuboni binyuze mu gusiga karuboni mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Imiyoboro itwara karuboni itegurwa n'ubu buryo igira conductivity runaka mugihe igumana igice cy'imiterere y'umwimerere y'imiyoboro. Nubwo imiyoboro ya karuboni ivurwa na karuboni ifite conductivity nziza, irwanya ubushyuhe kandi irwanya imiti, ifite modulus nyinshi, imiterere ikomeye, idafite ubukana, ntirwanya kunama, kandi nta bushobozi bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe ifite, bityo ikoreshwa ryayo riba ribi rimwe na rimwe aho imiyoboro ikenera kugira flexible nziza no kwangirika.

Imigozi iyobora ibintu ikozwe muri polima ziyobora ibintu ifite imiterere yihariye, kandi electron zishobora kugenda mu buryo bwihuse ku muyoboro wa molekile, bityo zikagira ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu. Bitewe n'imiterere yazo yihariye yo gutwara ibintu n'imiterere y'ibikoresho by'ibinyabuzima, iyo migozi ifite agaciro gashoboka mu nzego zimwe na zimwe zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zifite ibisabwa mu mikorere yihariye y'ibikoresho n'uburyo buhendutse bwo kubyihanganira, nk'ibikoresho byihariye by'ikoranabuhanga n'ikirere.

Ubu bwoko bwa fibre bukora akazi ko kurwanya static binyuze mu gusiga ibintu biyobora nk'umukara wa karuboni n'icyuma ku buso bw'imigozi isanzwe ya sintetike binyuze mu kurangiza ubuso. Uburyo bwo gusiga icyuma buragoye kandi buhenze, kandi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere y'imyenda nko kumva intoki z'umugozi.

Uburyo bwo kuzunguruka buvanze ni ugukora fibre imwe ifite ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi bitandukanye binyuze mu ihuriro ryihariye ryo kuzunguruka mu buryo bumwe bwo kuzunguruka hakoreshejwe polimeri ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zifite imiterere cyangwa imiterere itandukanye. Mu gutegura fibre zirwanya static, polimeri zifite power cyangwa polimeri zongewemo ibintu biyobora amashanyarazi akenshi zikoreshwa nk'igice kimwe kandi zivanze na polimeri zisanzwe zikora fibre. Ugereranyije n'ubundi buryo bwo gutegura fibre zirwanya static, fibre zateguwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuzunguruka buvanze zifite imiterere ihamye kandi ntizigira ingaruka mbi ku miterere y'umwimerere y'fibre.

Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, iyo umwuka wumye cyane mu gihe cy'itumba, amashanyarazi ahoraho ashobora kubyazwa hagati y'uruhu rw'umuntu n'imyenda, kandi amashanyarazi ahoraho ashobora kugera ku bihumbi byinshi bya volts mu bihe bikomeye, bigatera umubiri w'umuntu kumererwa nabi. Urugero, kugenda ku matapi bishobora gutanga volts 1500-35000 z'amashanyarazi ahoraho, kugenda ku butaka bwa vinyl resin bishobora gutanga volts 250-12000 z'amashanyarazi ahoraho, kandi gukanda ku ntebe yo mu nzu bishobora gutanga volts zirenga 1800 z'amashanyarazi ahoraho. Urugero rw'amashanyarazi ahoraho ruterwa ahanini n'ubushuhe bw'umwuka ukikije. Ubusanzwe, iyo imihindagurikire ikabije irenze volts 7000, abantu bazumva umuyaga utunguranye.

Umuriro udahindagurika ni mubi ku mubiri w'umuntu. Umuriro udahindagurika ushobora kongera alkali mu maraso, ukagabanya calcium mu maraso, kandi ukongera calcium isohoka mu nkari. Ibi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bana bakura, abageze mu zabukuru bafite calcium nkeya cyane mu maraso, n'abagore batwite n'ababyeyi bonsa bakeneye calcium nyinshi. Kwiyongera cyane k'umuriro udahindagurika mu mubiri w'umuntu bizatera imikorere idasanzwe y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi yo mu bwonko, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imitsi yo hagati, bigatera impinduka mu miterere ya pH y'amaraso na ogisijeni mu mubiri, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umubiri, kandi bigatera ibimenyetso nko kuzungera umutwe, kuribwa umutwe, kurakara, kubura ibitotsi, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, no kubura ubushake bwo gutekereza. Umuriro udahindagurika ushobora kandi kubangamira inzira z'amaraso y'abantu, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri n'imitsi, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe y'ingingo zitandukanye (cyane cyane umutima), kandi bishobora gutera umuvuduko udasanzwe w'umutima n'umutima gutera imburagihe. Mu gihe cy'itumba, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi zifitanye isano n'amashanyarazi adahindagurika. Byongeye kandi, mu bice bishobora gushya no guturika, amashanyarazi adahindagurika ku mubiri w'umuntu ashobora gutera inkongi.