Imirongo itambitse ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu ikorwa ry’imashini ziboha zizengurutse giterwa no kudahindura imashini neza, ubwiza bw’ibikoresho fatizo butari bwiza n’ibindi bintu. Muri rusange hari ubwoko bubiri: imirongo itambitse ihishe n’imirongo itambitse ifite umugozi umwe. Hashingiwe ku miterere y’imyenda iboha izengurutse, iyi nyandiko isesengura impamvu uhereye ku bintu fatizo, uburyo, ibice by’imashini n’uburyo bwo kuyitunganya, kandi igatanga ingamba zijyanye no gukumira no gukosora.
Impamvu n'Ingamba zo Gukumira no Gukosora Imirongo Ihishe Igororotse
Imirongo ihishe itambitse ivuga ku kuba hari ubucucike bungana ku buso bw'imyenda buterwa n'impinduka mu bunini bw'uruziga mu gihe cy'imikorere y'imashini. Muri rusange, ibikoresho fatizo bifite amahirwe make yo gutera imirongo ihishe itambitse. Iyi nenge iterwa ahanini no kudahuza kw'imbaraga bitewe no gutinda guhindurwa nyuma yo kwangirika kw'imashini.
1.1 Impamvu
a. Bitewe n'uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu mu buryo budakwiye cyangwa kwangirika gukomeye guterwa no gusaza kw'ibikoresho, ubugari n'ubusumbane bw'icyuma gifunga uruziga birengeje ubushobozi bwemewe. Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ni icyuho kinini kiri hagati y'aho igipfunyika gishyirwa ku gikoresho kinini gishyirwa n'umuyoboro ushyira ku gitereko, bigatuma icyuma kidakora neza kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kugaburira ubudodo no gukuraho umugozi.
Byongeye kandi, gusaza kw'ibikoresho no kwangirika kwa mashini byongera uburebure n'ubugari bw'ikibaho cy'ibikoresho bikurura imirasire, bigatuma habaho kunyuranaho kwa silinda, guhinduka kw'imbaraga zikoreshwa mu gukurura ubudodo, ingano idasanzwe y'uruziga, ndetse n'imirongo itambitse ihishe ku mwenda w'imvi mu bihe bikomeye.
b. Mu gihe cyo gukora, imigozi iguruka n'ibindi bintu byo mu mahanga bishyirwa mu gasanduku gahindura umuvuduko w'ikinyabutabire cy'uburyo bwo kugaburira ubudodo, ibyo bigatuma uruziga rwabwo ruba rumeze nk'uruziga, bigatera umuvuduko udasanzwe w'umukandara w'igihe uhuza ibintu n'ingano idahindagurika yo kugaburira ubudodo, bityo bigatuma habaho imirongo itambitse ihishe.
c. Imashini ziboha zizunguruka zikoresha uburyo bwo kugaburira ubudodo butagira aho bubogamiye biragoye gutsinda ikibazo cy’itandukaniro rinini ry’ubudodo mu gihe cyo kubugaburira, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutera uburebure butunguranye bw’ubudodo n’impinduka mu bwinshi bw’ubudodo, bigatuma habaho imirongo itambitse ihishe.
d. Imashini ziboha zizunguruka zifite uburyo bwo gufata ibyuma buri gihe zihura n'ihindagurika rikomeye mu gihe cyo gufata ibyuma, ibyo bikaba byatera itandukaniro mu burebure bw'uruziga.
1.2 Ingamba zo gukumira no gukosora
a. Shyira electroplate ku gice cy’aho igitambaro cy’ibikoresho giherereye ku bunini bukwiye kandi ugenzure aho igitambaro cy’ibikoresho gishyirwa hagati ya mm 0.01–0.02. Sukura inzira yo hasi y’umupira, shyiramo amavuta yo kwisiga, hanyuma utunganye igice cyo hasi cy’igitambaro ukoresheje agapira koroshye kandi gato kugira ngo ugenzure neza aho igitambaro cy’ibikoresho gishyirwa hagati ya mm 0.02. Suzuma buri gihe igitambaro cy’ibikoresho, ugenzure intera iri hagati y’igitambaro cy’ibikoresho n’umurizo w’igitambaro gishya kiri hagati ya mm 0.30–0.50, kandi ugabanye ihindagurika ry’aho buri gitambaro cy’ibikoresho gishyirwa hagati ya mm 0.05, kugira ngo urebe neza ko ubudodo bufata imbaraga z’ibitambaro mu gihe cyo kubikuramo.
b. Genzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu iduka ry'ibikoresho. Muri rusange, komeza ubushyuhe buri kuri dogere 25°C n'ubushuhe buri kuri 75% kugira ngo wirinde ko insinga n'umukungugu biguruka biterwa n'amashanyarazi adahindagurika byinjira. Hagati aho, fata ingamba zikenewe zo gukusanya umukungugu kugira ngo iduka ry'ibikoresho rikomeze gusukura, kandi wongere uburyo bwo kubungabunga imashini kugira ngo ibice byose bizenguruka bikora neza.
c. Hindura uburyo bwo kugaburira ubudodo butagira aho bubogamiye bugashyirwamo uburyo bwo kubika ubudodo bwiza kugira ngo ugabanye itandukaniro ry’ubudahangarwa mu gihe cyo kuyobora ubudodo. Ni byiza gushyiraho igikoresho gikurikirana umuvuduko kugira ngo gituze ubudahangarwa bw’ubudodo butangwa.
d. Hindura uburyo bwo gufata ibintu buri gihe mu buryo bwo gufata ibintu buri gihe kugira ngo habeho gukomeza gufungana kw'imyenda no guhagarara neza no guhuza imbaraga zo gufungana.
Impamvu n'Ingamba zo Gukumira no Gukosora Imirongo Igororotse ya Monofilament
Imirongo itambitse ya monofilament yerekeza ku kintu aho umurongo umwe cyangwa myinshi y’imirongo ku buso bw’imyenda iba minini cyane, nto cyangwa ingana cyane mu bucucike kurusha indi mirongo. Mu musaruro nyawo, imirongo itambitse ya monofilament iterwa n’ibikoresho fatizo ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane.
2.1 Impamvu
a. Ubwiza bubi bw'ubudodo n'itandukaniro ry'amabara ya monofilament (urugero: ubudodo bugonze, ubudodo bw'ibinyabutabire bw'amatsinda atandukanye, ubudodo budasize irangi, cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'ubudodo butandukanye) bituma habaho imirongo itambitse ya monofilament.
b. Itandukaniro rinini mu bunini bw'ipaki cyangwa inenge zo mu gipfunyika nko kubyimba kw'urutugu no kugwa kw'inkombe bitera uburiganya butaringaniye bwo kwikuramo kw'ubudodo, ibyo bikaba byatera imirongo itambitse ya monofilament. Ibi biterwa nuko ingano zitandukanye z'ipaki zituma habaho ingingo zitandukanye zo kwikira no kwikuramo kwa baluni, bityo bikaba bitandukanye cyane mu itegeko ry'impinduka zo kwikuramo kw'uburiganya. Mu gihe cyo kuboha, iyo itandukaniro ry'uburiganya rigeze ku gaciro ntarengwa, bizatera ingano idahuye y'ubudodo, bikongera bigatuma ingano idahuye y'ubudodo igaragara.
c. Mu gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo bifite imyenge n'ibice bito cyane, inzira y'ubudodo igomba kuguma yoroshye uko bishoboka kose. Ubukana buto cyangwa gukomera kw'amavuta ku rushundura urwo arirwo rwose rw'ubudodo bishobora gutuma monofilaments nyinshi zicika, hagakurikiraho itandukaniro ry'amabara ya monofilaments. Ugereranyije no gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo bisanzwe, ubwo bwoko bw'ibikoresho fatizo bufite ibisabwa bikomeye ku bikoresho, kandi umwenda urangiye ukunze kwangirika cyane ku mirongo itambitse ya monofilaments.
d. Guhindura imashini nabi (urugero, gukamura urushinge rwinshi cyane cyangwa rudafite ubujyakuzimu ahantu runaka) bitera ubukana budasanzwe bw'ubudodo n'itandukaniro mu bunini bw'uruziga.
2.2 Ingamba zo gukumira no gukosora
a. Kugenzura ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo no gushyira imbere ibikoresho fatizo biva ku nganda zizwi. Gushyiraho amabwiriza akomeye ku mikorere y'irangi n'ibipimo fatizo by'ibikoresho fatizo: igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'amabara kigomba kuba kiri hejuru ya 4.0, kandi igipimo cy'impinduka z'ibipimo fatizo byose kigomba kugabanuka.
b. Ni byiza guhitamo amapaki y'uburemere buhoraho yo gutunganya. Hitamo amapaki afite umurambararo usa wo gufunga imashini, kandi ureke amapaki afite imiterere mibi (urugero: kubyimba kw'inyuma no kugwa kw'inkombe). Mu gihe cyo gusiga irangi no kurangiza, ni byiza gukora irangi ry'icyitegererezo icyarimwe. Niba imirongo itambitse igaragaye, ongera usiga irangi ku mwenda ukoresheje amabara adakomeye cyangwa wongereho imiti ikuraho imirongo kugira ngo ukureho cyangwa kugabanya ikibazo.
c. Mu gihe utunganya ibikoresho fatizo bifite imyenge n'udupira twinshi cyane, genzura neza imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo kugira ngo urebe niba nta migozi irekuye. Byongeye kandi, sukura inzira y'imigozi kandi urebe niba inzira zose z'imigozi zirekuye. Mu gihe cyo gukora, genzura icyuma gitera imigozi irekuye, kandi uhagarike imashini ako kanya kugira ngo umenye impamvu iyo ikibazo kimaze kugaragara.
d. Menya neza ko uburebure bw'agakingirizo k'urushinge buhora bungana mu nzira zose zo kugaburira ubudodo. Koresha igikoresho gipima uburebure bw'ubudodo kugira ngo uhindure neza aho agakingirizo k'urushinge gaherereye kuri buri nzira, kugira ngo ingano y'ubudodo igumane ingana. Byongeye kandi, genzura agakingirizo k'urushinge kuri buri nzira niba kadasaza, kuko guhindura agakingirizo k'urushinge bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gukurura ubudodo, ari nabyo bigena ingano ya nyuma y'agakingirizo.
Umwanzuro
- Imirongo itambitse ya monofilament iterwa n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo ni yo nenge ikunze kugaragara mu ikorwa ry'imyenda iboshye izengurutse. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo bifite imiterere myiza kandi byiza cyane ni ingenzi mu ikorwa ry'imashini iboha izengurutse.
- Gusana imashini buri munsi ni ingenzi cyane. Kwambara bimwe mu bice by'imashini nyuma yo gukora igihe kirekire byongera ubunini n'ubusumbane bw'umuzingo w'imashini iboha, ibi bikaba bishobora gutera imirongo itambitse.
- Guhindura nabi umurongo ucunga urushinge n'umuyoboro ucunga uduce duto mu gihe cyo gukora bizatuma habaho imiyoboro idasanzwe, itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'imiyoboro y'imitsi ryiyongera, ingano idahuye y'imiyoboro y'imitsi, ndetse amaherezo n'imirongo itambitse.
- Bitewe n'imiterere y'imyenda iboshye izengurutse, imyenda ifite imiterere itandukanye iratandukanye mu buryo ifatwa n'imirongo itambitse. Muri rusange, imyenda ya jezi imwe (urugero, jezi) ifite amahirwe menshi yo kugira imirongo itambitse bityo ikaba isaba ibisabwa bikomeye ku mashini n'ibikoresho fatizo. Byongeye kandi, imyenda itunganywa n'ibikoresho fatizo bifite imyenge kandi bito cyane nabyo bifite ibyago byinshi byo kugira imirongo itambitse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-24-2025