Ubukungu bwakomeje kuzamuka no gutera imbere, kandi ubucuruzi bw'ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa bwakomeje gukomera mu gihe cy'igitutu cy'amahanga.
Umukozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi aherutse kugaragaza ubwo yasobanuraga "ikarita y'isuzuma" ry'ubukungu n'ubucuruzi ko kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bw'Ubushinwa bwateye imbere mu buryo bugoye. Umubare munini w'ibigo by'ubucuruzi by'amahanga byahinduye ihinduka kandi bishaka udushya. Politiki zitandukanye zo gufasha ibigo byashyizwe mu bikorwa neza, kandi ubucuruzi bw'ibicuruzwa bwageze ku "kwiyongera icyarimwe mu bwinshi n'ubwiza", bigaragaza imbaraga zidasanzwe z'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bw'Ubushinwa.
Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ubuyobozi Bukuru bw’Imisoro n’Amahoro agaragaza ko mu mezi atanu ya mbere y’uyu mwaka, agaciro k’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bitumiza no kohereza mu mahanga kageze kuri tiriyari 17.94 z’amayuani, byiyongereyeho 2.5% ugereranyije n’umwaka, bikomeza iterambere. Muri byo, ingano y’ibicuruzwa byigenga bitumiza no kohereza mu mahanga yageze kuri tiriyari 10.25 z’amayuani, byiyongereyeho 7%, bingana na 57.1% by’agaciro k’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’Ubushinwa, ubwiyongere bwa 2.4 ku ijana ugereranije n’igihe nk’icyo umwaka ushize.
Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi yavuze ko mu cyiciro gikurikiraho, mu gihe cy'ibidukikije byo hanze bigoye kandi bihindagurika, izagura mu buryo budasubirwaho uburyo bwo gufungura no gusubiza ibibazo by'ibidukikije byo hanze mu buryo buhamye kandi buhamye ko iterambere ryizewe rizaba ryiza. Hagati aho, Ubushinwa bwiteze gukorana n'abafatanyabikorwa benshi mu bucuruzi kugira ngo bafatanye gukemura ibibazo n'imbogamizi no guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati yabo.
"Ibicuruzwa bishya" n'"ibicuruzwa bya zahabu" by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga byakomeje kwiyongera
Kuri ubu, mu gihe cy’iterambere ry’ubuziranenge, ubwato bunini bw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’Ubushinwa bukomeje gutera imbere mu miraba.
Kuva uyu mwaka watangira, Ubushinwa bwakurikije ihame rusange ry’imikorere ryo gushaka iterambere mu gihe bubungabunga umutekano, bushyira mu bikorwa mu buryo bwuzuye, neza kandi busesuye filozofiya nshya y’iterambere, bwihutisha ishyirwaho ry’icyitegererezo gishya cy’iterambere, kandi bukomeza guteza imbere iterambere rifite ireme. Politiki zose zisanzweho n’izishya zakomeje gushyira imbaraga no gushyira mu bikorwa. Imirimo y’ubukungu yatangiye buhoro buhoro, iterambere ni rishya kandi ryiza, kandi ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bwateye imbere bitewe n’igitutu, bugera ku iterambere ry’urwego no kunoza ireme.
Dukurikije imibare ya za gasutamo, mu mezi atanu ya mbere ya 2025, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa byinjijwe mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kari tiriyari 17.94 z’amayuani, byiyongereyeho 2.5% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Muri Gicurasi, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa byinjijwe mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kari tiriyari 3.81 z’amayuani, byiyongereyeho 2.7%.
Umukozi ubishinzwe wo muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi yavuze mu nama isanzwe n’abanyamakuru iherutse kuba, ko ukurikije “ikarita” y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi mu mezi atanu ya mbere, ibiranga ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’Ubushinwa bigaragarira ahanini mu bintu bitatu: “uruziga rw’inshuti” zitandukanye, ukwiyongera kw’ “imbaraga nshya”, n’imbaraga z’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.
Mu mezi atanu ya mbere, amasoko mashya yiyongereye cyane. Ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa bitumiza n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga hamwe n’ibihugu bifatanyije kubaka Umushinga wa Belt and Road byariyongereyeho 4.2%. Isoko ryariyongereyeho 9.1% kuri ASEAN na 12.4% kuri Afurika, kandi imiterere y’isoko ry’ibihugu bitandukanye yakomeje kwaguka.
Ukurikije uko abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi babibona, urwego rw'ubucuruzi hagati y'Ubushinwa na Afurika rwageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu gihe kimwe mu mateka. Mu mezi atanu ya mbere y'uyu mwaka, ibicuruzwa by'Ubushinwa bitumiza n'ibyohereza mu mahanga mu bihugu bya Afurika byageze kuri miliyari 963.21 z'amayuani, bingana na 5.4% by'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa by'Ubushinwa bitumiza n'ibyohereza mu mahanga.
Birumvikana ko kuva Ihuriro ry’Ubufatanye hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Afurika ryashingwa mu 2000, umubano w’Ubushinwa n’Afurika wageze ku iterambere rinini. Ubufatanye mu bukungu n’ubucuruzi hagati y’impande zombi bwakomeje kwaguka kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru, mu bwimbitse no mu nzego zagutse. Ubushinwa bwakomeje kuba umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye mu bucuruzi muri Afurika mu myaka 16 yikurikiranya, kandi urwego rw’ubucuruzi rwakomeje kugera ku ntera nshya. Nk’uko bigaragara mu gipimo cy’ubucuruzi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Afurika cyakusanyijwe na Gasutamo y’Abashinwa, kuva Ihuriro ry’Ubufatanye hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Afurika ryashingwa mu 2000, igipimo cyazamutse vuba kiva ku gaciro fatizo k’amanota 100, kigera ku manota 1.000 mu 2023 kigera ku manota 1.056.53 mu 2024. Ukwiyongera gukomeye kw’imibare ni ikimenyetso cy’iterambere rikomeye ry’ubucuruzi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Afurika.
Hagati aho, "ibicuruzwa bishya" n' "ibicuruzwa bya zahabu" by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bw'Ubushinwa byakomeje kwiyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibicuruzwa bikora ikoranabuhanga rihanitse n'agaciro kabyo bwariyongereye.
Amakuru ya gasutamo agaragaza ko mu mezi atanu ya mbere, ibicuruzwa bya mekanike n'amashanyarazi byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa byageze kuri tiriyari 6.4 z'amayuani, byiyongereyeho 9.3% ugereranyije n'umwaka, bingana na 60% by'agaciro k'igihugu mu kohereza mu mahanga. Muri byo, ibikoresho byo gutunganya amakuru byikora n'ibice byabyo byageze kuri miliyari 575.23 z'amayuani, byiyongereyeho 3.9%. Ingano y'imiyoboro ihujwe yageze kuri miliyari 526.4 z'amayuani, yiyongereyeho 18.9%. Imodoka zageze kuri miliyari 351.37 z'amayuani, ziyongereyeho 6.6%. Imashini rusange ziyongereyeho 9.5%, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigera kuri 19%, naho izoherezwa ku kigero cya 18.9%.
Byongeye kandi, uburyo bushya bw'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga nko kubungabunga imitungo ifite ingwate bwatumye habaho iterambere rishya. Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi yavuze ko yakoranye n'inzego zibishinzwe kugira ngo itange urutonde rwa mbere rw'ibitabo by'ibicuruzwa bifite ingwate ku turere tw'ubucuruzi twigenga. Uturere twujuje ibisabwa dushobora gukora ubucuruzi bwo kubungabunga imitungo ifite ingwate ku bicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye nk'indege n'amato. Guhera muri Gicurasi, imishinga irenga 280 yo kubungabunga imitungo ifite ingwate imaze gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihugu hose.
Gukomeza gushimangira imbaraga nyamukuru z'ibigo by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga byigenga
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu bw’abikorera mu Bushinwa n’ingaruka zabwo ku isi, ibigo byigenga byabaye imbaraga zikomeye ku bigo by’Abashinwa kugira ngo “bigere ku isi yose”.
Amakuru ya gasutamo agaragaza ko mu mezi atanu ya mbere y'uyu mwaka, ibicuruzwa byinjizwa mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 7%, bingana na 57.1% by'ibicuruzwa byinjizwa mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byose, byiyongereyeho 2.4% ugereranije n'igihe nk'icyo umwaka ushize. Muri byo, ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu mahanga byageze kuri tiriyari 6.97 z'amayuani, byiyongereyeho 8%, bingana na 65.4% by'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byose byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa. Ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu mahanga byageze kuri tiriyari 3.28 z'amayuani, byiyongereyeho 4.9%, bingana na 45.1% by'ibicuruzwa byose byinjiye mu Bushinwa.
Umunyamakuru wa Changjiang Business Daily yavuze ko kuva mu 2019, ibigo byigenga byarenze ibigo biterwa inkunga n'amahanga, bikaba ikigo kinini cy'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga mu Bushinwa. Ubukungu bw'abikorera bwigaruriye kimwe cya kabiri cy'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bwoherezwa mu mahanga n'ishoramari ry'amahanga mu myaka itandatu yikurikiranya.
Ukurikije ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, kuva mu 2012 kugeza 2024, impuzandengo y’izamuka ry’umubare w’ibigo byigenga bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa yari 11% buri mwaka, kandi igipimo cyabyo mu mubare w’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereye kuva kuri 30% bigera kuri 50%. Muri 2024, ingano y’ibicuruzwa byinjira n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa yageze kuri miliyari 43.846.8 z’amayuani, yiyongeraho 5.0% buri mwaka. Muri byo, ingano y’ibicuruzwa byigenga bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga yari miliyari 24.332.9 z’amayuani, yiyongeraho 8.8% buri mwaka, bingana na 55.5% by’umubare w’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Muri 2024, hazaba hari ibigo hafi 700.000 bifite umusaruro ufatika mu gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga mu gihugu hose, bishyiraho agahigo gashya k’umubare. Muri byo, umubare w’ibigo byigenga bifite umusaruro ufatika mu gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga warenze 600.000 ku nshuro ya mbere, ugera kuri 609.000.
Nubwo urwego rw'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga rwageze ku iterambere ryihuse, ireme ry'ibigo byigenga naryo ryakomeje gutera imbere. Mu 2024, ikoranabuhanga ry'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibigo byigenga ryakomeje kwiyongera, bituma biba abashoramari benshi mu gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa ku nshuro ya mbere. Gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 12.6%, kandi uruhare rwabo mu gaciro k'ibicuruzwa bisa n'ibyo Ubushinwa butumiza n'ibyohereza mu mahanga byazamutse rugera kuri 48.5%.
Muri uyu mwaka, mu gihe cy’ibidukikije bigoye byo hanze, ibigo byigenga byagaragaje ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu n’ibindi n’inyungu zo guhangana. Byasubije ku “bishya”, byerekeza ku “bishya”, bahanga ibicuruzwa bishya n’inyungu nshya, bateza imbere imiterere mishya y’ubucuruzi n’uburyo bushya, bihatira kuvumbura amasoko mashya n’ahantu hashya, kandi byongera “ibikubiye mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga.”
Raporo y’akazi ka Guverinoma y’uyu mwaka ishimangira ko hakwiye gushyirwa imbaraga mu kongera politiki zo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, gushyigikira ibigo mu kubungabunga amategeko no kwagura amasoko, kunoza serivisi z’imari nko gutanga inguzanyo, kwishyura no kuvunjisha, kwagura ubwishingizi bw’inguzanyo zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, no gushimangira inkunga ibigo byitabira no gukorera imurikagurisha mu mahanga. Mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo y’ibigo byigenga yabaye mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka, hagaragajwe kandi ko ikibazo cy’ibigo byigenga kigiye kuzamuka ku isi. Byongeye kandi, ibigo byigenga byashyigikiye iterambere rirambye n’ivugurura ry’ubuziranenge bw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, kandi politiki n’ibigega by’inkunga y’imari nabyo byagize uruhare runini muri iyi gahunda.
Ku rwego rw'ibanze, hari inkunga itangwa mu iterambere no kwaguka kw'ibigo byigenga by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, kandi uturere dutandukanye natwo turimo gushyiraho imbaraga zihoraho. Vuba aha, Sichuan yatangije gahunda yo guhinga "Ibigo ijana by'ingenzi n'ibigo ibihumbi bitera imbere" ku bigo by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga mu 2025, igamije kongera ubushobozi bwo kwagura isoko ryabyo no kurwanya ibyago. Zhejiang yatangije "Gahunda y'Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga yo Kohereza mu mahanga" kugira ngo ifashe ibigo byinshi by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga "kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga no ku rwego mpuzamahanga". Shandong yatangije gahunda yo kwagura isoko mpuzamahanga "Ibigo 10.000 Bikora ku Isi, Shandong Trade Globally", ikorera ibigo byuzuye mu kwagura amasoko yabyo, yongera amabwiriza kandi ikagira imigabane myiza ku isoko ryabyo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-17-2025