Nk’uko amakuru yo mu mahanga yabitangaje ku ya 1 Mata, inzobere mu by’isesengura ryakozwe n’inganda zo muri Amerika, IlenaPeng, yavuze ko icyifuzo cy’inganda zo muri Amerika ku ipamba kidashira kandi cyihuta. Mu gihe cy’imurikagurisha ry’isi rya Chicago (1893), inganda zigera kuri 900 z’ipamba zakoreraga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ariko Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu y’Abacotton yiteze ko uwo mubare uzaba ungana n’ibihumbi 100 gusa muri iki gihe, aho inganda umunani zizasozwa mu mezi atanu ya nyuma ya 2023 gusa.
“Kubera ko inganda zo mu gihugu zagiye zicika, abahinzi b’ipamba ntibashobora kubona abaguzi mu ngo zabo ku musaruro utaha.” Hegitari miliyoni z’ibihingwa by’ipamba ziri guterwa muri uku kwezi kuva muri Kaliforuniya kugera muri Carolina.”
| Kuki icyifuzo kirimo kugabanuka kandi inganda zikora ipamba zigahagarara?
JohnMcCurry wo muri FarmProgress yatangaje mu ntangiriro za Werurwe ko “guhindura amasezerano y’ubucuruzi, cyane cyane amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’Amerika ya Ruguru (NAFTA), byabangamiye cyane inganda.”
“Abayobozi b’inganda bavuze ko ifungwa ry’inganda nyinshi ziherutse kubera ijambo “ridafite agaciro,” mu buryo busobanutse, ijambo ritavugwaho rumwe cyangwa ngo ribe rito, ariko muri iki gihe bivuze ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.” Rivuga ku cyuho cya politiki y’ubucuruzi cyemerera ibicuruzwa byinjizwa mu mahanga bidafite imisoro biri munsi y’amadolari 800. Inama y’igihugu ishinzwe imyenda (National CouncilofTextileOrganizations NCTO) yavuze ko bitewe n’uko ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga buzwi cyane, ‘uburyo buke bukoreshwa ku bwinshi, butuma tubona ibicuruzwa byinshi bidafite imisoro’.”
McCurry yagize ati: “Ikigo cya NCTO gishinja uburyo bworoshye bwo gufunga inganda umunani z’ipamba mu mezi atatu ashize. Inganda z’ipamba zafunzwe zirimo 188 Mills muri Jeworujiya, uruganda rwa leta rukora ipamba muri Carolina y’Amajyaruguru, Gildan Yarn Mill muri Carolina y’Amajyaruguru, n’uruganda rwa Hanesbrands rukora imyenda yo kudoda muri Arkansas.”
“Mu zindi nganda, ingamba ziherutse gufatwa zo kongera ingufu mu kuvugurura zazanye urujya n’uruza rw’inganda nshya muri Amerika, cyane cyane iyo bifasha kugabanya inzitizi z’ubwikorezi n’amakimbirane ya politiki, nk’ibikoresho bya semiconductor cyangwa ibyuma by’inganda ingenzi mu guteza imbere urusobe rw’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byo mu gihugu,” Peng atangaza. Ariko imyenda ntabwo ifite akamaro nk’ak’ibiceri cyangwa amabuye y’agaciro amwe n’amwe. Nubwo ErinMcLaughlin, umuhanga mu by’ubukungu mukuru muri think tank ConferenceBoard, yagaragaje ko gukenera byihutirwa ibikoresho byo kwirinda nk’udupfukamunwa mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya COVID-19 bigaragaza akamaro k’inganda.
| Ikoreshwa ry'inganda z'ipamba ni ryo rito cyane kuva mu 1885
Ishami rishinzwe Ubushakashatsi mu by'Ubukungu rya Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USDA) ritangaza ko “Mu gihe cya 2023/24 (Kanama-Nyakanga), ikoreshwa ry’inganda z’ipamba muri Amerika (ingano y’ipamba ritunganyijwe mu myenda) ryitezwe kuba miliyoni 1.9 z’ibirahuri. Biramutse ari uko bimeze, ikoreshwa ry’ipamba mu nganda z’imyenda muri Amerika ryagabanuka cyane mu myaka 100 nibura. Mu 1884/85, hakoreshejwe ibirahuri bigera kuri miliyoni 1.7 by’ipamba.”
Nk’uko raporo ya USDA Economic Research Service ibivuga: “Mbere y’uko Amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga (WTO) ku myenda n’imyambaro atangira guhagarika ibiciro by’imyenda n’imyenda bitumizwa mu bihugu byateye imbere, ikoreshwa ry’inganda zikora ipamba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryazamutse ryongera kuzamuka mu myaka ya za 90. Mu ntangiriro za 2000, ikoreshwa ry’inganda zikora ipamba ryiyongereye mu bihugu byinshi, cyane cyane Ubushinwa. Nubwo kohereza ipamba mu mahanga byoherejwe mu mahanga byahungukiye ku bwinshi bw’abashaka inganda zo mu mahanga, inganda zo muri Amerika zikoresha bike, kandi iyi nzira yatumye ikoreshwa ry’inganda zo muri Amerika rigabanuka cyane mu mateka mu 2023/24.”
GaryAdams, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Inama Nkuru y’Ipamba, yagize ati: “Amakuru ya leta agaragaza ko ibirenga bitatu bya kane by’ipamba yo muri Amerika bizagurishwa mu mahanga uyu mwaka, umugabane munini kurusha iyindi yose. Kwishingikiriza cyane ku busabe bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bituma abahinzi bashobora guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye bya politiki n’ibindi bibazo.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: 22 Mata 2024