Mu gihe kitari kirekire gishize, amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n'ishami rishinzwe ibarurishamibare rya Koreya y'Epfo yateje impungenge nyinshi: mu 2023, ibicuruzwa bya Koreya y'Epfo biva mu bucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bw'Ubushinwa byazamutseho 121.2% ugereranyije n'umwaka. Ku nshuro ya mbere, Ubushinwa bwarenze Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku buryo bwabaye isoko rinini ry'ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki biva mu bucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bw'Ubushinwa.
Uru ni urugero ruheruka rwerekana iterambere ryihuse ry’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki mu Bushinwa. Amakuru aturuka muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi agaragaza ko mu 2023, ibicuruzwa by’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki mu Bushinwa byinjijwe mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byari tiriyari 2.38 z’amayuani, ubwiyongere bwa 15.6%. Muri byo, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga byageze kuri tiriyari 1.83 z’amayuani, byiyongereyeho 19.6% ugereranyije n’umwaka.
Ni ibihe bintu bishya by’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bukorerwa mu mahanga mu guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga? Ni izihe mpamvu zituma butera imbere vuba? Ni iyihe ntego iri imbere mu gihe kizaza? Muri ibi bibazo, umunyamakuru wacu yakoze ikiganiro.
Indirimbo "Blue Ocean" yuzuyemo ibintu by'ingenzi
Ku ya 4 Gashyantare, indege yari itwaye ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka nk'imyenda, inkweto n'ingofero, ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bya buri munsi yahagurutse ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Raining i Kashgar, mu Ntara ya Xinjiang yerekeza i Bournemouth, mu Bwongereza. Iyo ndege y'imizigo yari itwaye ibicuruzwa byateguwe n'inganda z'Abashinwa zikorera ibigo by'ubucuruzi byambukiranya imipaka nka Amazon na Wish.
“Dutanga serivisi zo kugura, gutwara abantu, gukusanya amakuru y’ibicuruzwa n’izindi serivisi ku bucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga bw’amahanga bukorerwa mu mahanga, kandi turi mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga bw’itumanaho ry ...
Nk’uko Zhang Qi abivuga, kuri ubu, Kashgar Customs ishyira mu bikorwa "amasaha 7 × 24" yo gutumiza ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo, ikora neza inzira zo kubikuza, kandi ikanahindura "igihe bigeze, igihe bigeze, igihe birekurwa", ibi bikaba byemerera ibigo kuzigama ingufu nyinshi zo guteza imbere abakiriya bashya ku isoko ry’i Burayi hashingiwe ku guhuza amasoko yo muri Aziya yo Hagati na Aziya y'Epfo. "Kuva mu 2021, amafaranga yinjira muri sosiyete yiyongereye ku kigero kirenga 100% buri mwaka. Nyuma yo gufungura inzira y’imizigo iva Kashgar ijya i Bournemouth, imizigo yoherezwa mu mahanga yarushijeho kwiyongera. Twamaze iserukiramuco ry’umwaka w’ikiyoka mu mpeshyi! " Zhang Qi yagize ati.
Uretse kwagura urwego rw’ubutaka rugororotse, iterambere ry’ibice by’isoko rihagaze ryanashyizemo inzira nyinshi z’ “inyanja y’ubururu” mu bucuruzi bwa interineti bwambukiranya imipaka.
Huang Kai, ukomoka i Shaoyang, mu Ntara ya Hunan, yavutse mu 1999. Nubwo akiri muto, afite uburambe bwinshi mu bucuruzi. Nyuma yo kurangiza kaminuza, Huang Kai yasanze ubucuruzi bwa nyirarume bwo ku meza yo kuriramo n'intebe bwari buhanganye cyane kandi bugoye gutera imbere mu gihe gito. Bityo Huang yerekeje ibitekerezo bye ku miyoboro ya interineti. Nyuma yo gusesengura ubwoko bwose bw'amakuru akoreshwa n'iduka rye muri Ali International Station, Huang Kai yizera ko kohereza sofa hanze ari inzira ishobora gukoreshwa.
“Ikontineri ishobora kujyamo ameza n’intebe 2.000 byo kuriramo, ariko amatsinda 18 y’amasofa gusa, bityo amasosiyete menshi ntashaka kohereza sofa mu mahanga.” Ariko, nta byifuzo byinshi by’amasofa bihari ku bakiriya bo mu mahanga.” Huang Kai yabwiye uyu munyamakuru ko nyuma yo gushimangira icyerekezo, yatangiye gushakisha imikorere ya sofa zikora neza na sofa zivanze zo kohereza mu masoko y’i Burayi na Amerika abifashijwemo na nyirarume.
Byagaragaye ko Huang Kai iri mu nzira nziza. Kuva umwaka n'igice washingwa, Jiezhu Furniture Co., Ltd. ya Huang Kai yariyongereye cyane, aho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birenga miliyoni 2 buri kwezi mu 2023. “Binyuze mu bucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bukorerwa mu bihugu bitandukanye, inganda zishaje nazo zishobora gukora ibintu bishya. Ku ruhande rumwe, tubifashijwemo na za porogaramu z’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki zikorerwa mu bihugu bitandukanye, tubwirana n’abakiriya b’ubwoko bwose bo mu mahanga kandi tugasobanukirwa neza uko isoko rihagaze; Ku rundi ruhande, dukomeje guhanga udushya mu bicuruzwa byacu no kunoza igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa byacu.” Huang Kai yavuze ko hakurikijwe iterambere ry’uyu muvuduko, byitezwe ko mu 2024, agaciro k’ibikoresho byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Jiezhu kazagera kuri miliyoni 3 z’amayuan cyangwa ndetse na miliyoni 4 z’amayuan ku kwezi.
Lu Daliang, umuvugizi w’ikigo gishinzwe imisoro n’amahoro akaba n’umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe isesengura ry’ibarurishamibare, yizera ko iterambere ryihuse ry’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bukorerwa ku mipaka ritajyanye gusa n’ibyo abaguzi bo mu gihugu bakeneye bitandukanye kandi byihariye, ahubwo rinafasha ibicuruzwa by’Abashinwa kugera ku isi, bikaba imbaraga zikomeye mu iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.
Umuyaga w'impeshyi wa politiki uzana ubushyuhe
Ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki buzajya bwohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu bihugu byinshi no mu turere twinshi mu buryo bw'uduce duto twambukiranya imipaka, ibi bikaba bihuye n'icyerekezo gishya cy'iterambere ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Wang Shouwen, umuhuzabikorwa mpuzamahanga w'ubucuruzi akaba na Visi Minisitiri w'Ubucuruzi muri Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi, yavuze ko amasosiyete ya elegitoroniki ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika azwi cyane, kandi ubu Ubushinwa bufite urubuga rukomeye kandi ruzwi cyane rw'ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bumbukiranya imipaka, aho porogaramu zo gukurura zishyirwa mu myanya ya mbere ku isi.
Dukurikije amakuru yatanzwe na Shanghai Customs, mu 2023, umubare w’amatangazo y’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki ku byambu by’ikibuga cy’indege cya Shanghai wageze ku matike miliyoni 440, ubwiyongere bw’inshuro hafi ebyiri ugereranyije n’umwaka, kandi ukaba uri hejuru cyane; Agaciro k’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga karenze miliyari 85 z’amayuan. Muri zo, Aliexpress, Xiyin, Pinduoduo n’izindi mbuga zigezweho z’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki zo mu Bushinwa zifite umusaruro mwiza, aho zisaga 400.000 zatumijwe ku munsi.
Kuva ku gushyiraho inganda zihariye z’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki zikorera mu bihugu bitandukanye kugeza ku kunoza urwego rw’ubuhanga, ubunini, n’ubuhanga bw’ububiko bwo mu mahanga, kuva ku kongera ubushobozi bwo gutanga serivisi z’imizigo yo mu mazi n’indege n’uburyo bwo gutanga imirasire kugeza gukomeza gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’umusoro ku bicuruzwa bisubizwa mu mahanga… Mu myaka yashize, politiki y’impeshyi mu Bushinwa yabaye impamvu ikomeye y’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bukorera mu bihugu bitandukanye.
– Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa. Zhejiang Yiwu Shenglin Trading Co., Ltd. niyo itsinda rya mbere ry’abacuruzi binjiye muri urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki rwitwa "Duoduo cross-border", rufite ibicuruzwa bikubiyemo ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, ububiko bw’ubwiherero, ibikoresho by’imideli n’ibindi. Nyuma gato y’uko ihageze, umubare w’ibicuruzwa bya buri munsi bya Shenglin Trading kuri Temu wageze ku bicuruzwa bigera ku 30.000. Guo Xinxin, umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo, abibona kubera politiki y’inkunga y’amashami ya leta ku nzego zose ku nganda zikora n’uburyo bwose bwo kubungabunga ibicuruzwa byatangijwe ku mupaka, inyungu z’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa by’ikigo "inganda n’ubucuruzi hamwe n’uruganda rw’amakoperative" zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwuzuye, kugira ngo birusheho guhaza ibyifuzo by’abaguzi bo mu mahanga.
– Kwimura ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo byihuse. Ku ya 24 Mutarama, mu kigo cy’ubucuruzi bwa interineti cyambukiranya imipaka cya Guangxi Youyi Pass Port, amapaki yo kohereza ibicuruzwa bya interineti yambukiranya imipaka yanyuze vuba ibikoresho by’igenzura ry’imashini ku murongo wo gutondeka ibicuruzwa maze bishyirwa mu modoka nyuma yo kugenzura gasutamo. Zhang Wei, umuyobozi mukuru wa Guangxi Overfly Supply Chain Management Co., LTD., yasanze ibicuruzwa bigomba gusuzumwa nabyo bishobora kuva mu gihugu uwo munsi, kandi ibicuruzwa bidakeneye gusuzumwa bishobora koherezwa muri Vietnam ako kanya, kandi bishobora koherezwa muri Vietnam mu masaha 2. “Mu gushimangira ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byo kugenzura bidakoresha ikoranabuhanga nk’imashini za X-ray no kongera igereranya rya ecran imwe, tugabanya umubare w’amapaki afunguwe kandi twihutisha igenzura n’irekurwa ry’ibicuruzwa.” Umuyobozi wungirije wa Gasutamo Gao Lu, ushinzwe kugenzura gasutamo mu buryo bw’inshuti.
– “Gukina” byinshi kuri interineti. Umwaka ushize, Alibaba International Station yafashe iya mbere mu gutangiza ibicuruzwa byuzuye bya AI by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, bifite inshingano nko gutangaza no gucunga ibicuruzwa mu buryo bw’ubwenge, gusesengura isoko, kwakira abakiriya, guhindura mu buryo bwihuse no gucunga ibigo, kugira ngo ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bishobore kuvugana byoroshye kandi byihuse n’abakiriya bo mu mahanga no gukoresha amahirwe y’ubucuruzi. Umuntu ubishinzwe ushinzwe Alibaba International Station yizera ko byaba urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, gutangiza urukurikirane rwa politiki zo gushyigikira ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu bihugu byambukiranya imipaka byagize ingaruka nziza, bifasha ibicuruzwa by’Abashinwa kwihutisha inyanja. Hamwe n’ingamba nshya, “gukina” kw’ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu bihugu byambukiranya imipaka nabyo biziyongera, kandi biteganijwe ko umubare w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga uzagabanuka cyane.
Kugira ngo Ubushinwa bwegere isi
Ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bwambukiranya imipaka bwihutishije umuvuduko w'ibicuruzwa by'Abashinwa bijya mu nyanja, mu gihe biha ibindi bicuruzwa by'Abashinwa kwinjira mu myenda, ibiryo, amacumbi n'ubwikorezi bw'abaguzi b'abanyamahanga, bigabanya intera iri hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Isi.
Dushobora kwegerana binyuze mu biryo byiza. “Isosi ya Liuzhou ni ifunguro ridasanzwe, kandi nizeye kuyisaba abandi Bashinwa bo mu mahanga.” Zheng Xiaozhen, Umunyakanada wagarutse, yagize ati. Nk’uko Ou Haoxuan, umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubucuruzi mu mahanga rya Guangxi Luobawang Food Technology Co., LTD. abivuga, mu myaka mike ishize, iyi sosiyete yateye imbere cyane mu masoko yo mu mahanga binyuze mu bucuruzi bwa interineti, kandi ibicuruzwa bya mbere “Luobawang Luosifen” byinjiye neza mu masoko akomeye nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Kanada na Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Epfo.
Ou Hao Xuan yabwiye uyu munyamakuru ko ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti bukorerwa mu bihugu bitandukanye butuma ibigo bigera ku baguzi ku isi, bisubiza vuba impinduka ku isoko kandi bigateza imbere udushya mu bicuruzwa. Yagize ati: “Luosifen ifite uburyohe bwihariye bw’ibiryo biryoshye, biryoshye, bishya, bitera ubwoba kandi bishyushye”. Ubu, turimo gutegura ibicuruzwa bishya bigamije abaguzi batandukanye bo mu karere, tunoza ingamba zo kwamamaza mu gace runaka, kandi duteganya ubufatanye n’abanditsi ba blog bazwi cyane bo mu mahanga kugira ngo twongere uburyo ibicuruzwa byacu bigaragariramo kandi bigire ingaruka ku isoko mpuzamahanga.”
Fata intera, ariko nanone ukoreshe ibikoresho bizima. Mu mpera za 2023, umucuruzi wo muri Rumaniya yambaye nka Santa Claus maze agendera ku igare rinini ry’amashanyarazi ryakozwe mu Bushinwa rya “Jinpeng” kugira ngo atange impano z’Ubunani ku bana, bikurura abantu benshi. Hou Dafu, umuyobozi wa Jinpeng Group's Jinyishun platform platform, yabwiye uyu munyamakuru ko amasikerike y’amashanyarazi, nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gukora no gutwara abantu mu mahanga, asanzwe yishingikiriza cyane cyane ku maduka akoreshwa mu bucuruzi akoreshwa mu bucuruzi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’umubare w’amaduka akoreshwa mu bucuruzi akoreshwa mu bucuruzi ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro, amasoko yo mu mahanga yabaye ahantu heza ho gutangiza ibigo kongera iterambere rishya.
“Dukoresheje ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bwambukiranya imipaka, dushyira ahagaragara imiterere y’amagare y’amashanyarazi atatu yo gutwara abantu mu ntera ngufi, gutwara imizigo, kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije ku bakiriya bo mu mahanga binyuze mu gusakaza amajwi yabo imbonankubone, kandi twabonye amatumiza menshi tudakeneye kujya mu mahanga gufungura amaduka.” Kuva mu 2019, ibyo twoherezaga mu mahanga byiyongereyeho ibirenga 30% buri mwaka, kandi twagurishije mu bihugu birenga 80 n’uturere hirya no hino ku isi, kandi itsinda ryacu ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga ryavuye ku bantu 5 rigera ku bantu barenga 60.” Hou Dafu yavuze ko muri uyu mwaka, Jinpeng Group irimo gutegura cyane iduka rya mbere rikomeye mu mahanga, kubaka ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, gushinga inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, no kwagura ubucuruzi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Dukurikije imibare ya Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi, hari ibigo 645.000 bifite ubucuruzi bw'amahanga butumizwa mu mahanga n'ubwoherezwa mu mahanga, muri byo hakaba hari ibigo birenga 100.000 bicuruza ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki. Ibyiza byihariye byakorewe mu Bushinwa hamwe n'ubukene bukomeye mu masoko yo mu mahanga byongereye icyizere ku bakora ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bwambukiranya imipaka.
Liu Hang, umuyobozi w’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka wa Duoduo, yavuze ko kuva yatangizwa muri Nzeri 2022, Duoduo Cross-border yafunguye ubucuruzi mu bihugu birenga 40. Kugeza ubu, Duodo Cross-border yateje imbere ibicuruzwa by’inganda zikora ibintu byiza cyane biva muri Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui n’ahandi kugira ngo byinjire mu bihugu birenga 40 n’uturere two muri Amerika ya Ruguru, u Burayi, Aziya n’ahandi, kandi byohereza mu mahanga ibipaki birenga 400.000. Ubwiza bwa Guangzhou, ibicuruzwa bya digitale bya Shenzhen, imyenda y’abana ya Huzhou, inkweto za Wenzhou, ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bya Taizhou, ibikombe bya thermos bya Jinhua, nibindi, byihutisha ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw’abaguzi bo mu mahanga. Liu Hang yagize ati: “Tuzakorana n’abakora ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kugira ngo turusheho kubona umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu bijya mu nyanja.”
Isoko: Ikinyamakuru People's Daily Overseas Edition
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-21-2024