Uko ibintu bigenda birushaho gushyuha mu Nyanja Itukura, amato menshi y’amakontena arimo kunyura mu nzira y’umuyoboro w’inyanja itukura-Suez kugira ngo anyura mu karere ka Cape of Good Hope, kandi ibiciro by’imizigo ku bucuruzi bwa Aziya-Uburayi na Aziya-Mediterane byikubye kane.
Abatwara ibicuruzwa bihutira gutanga amabwiriza mbere y’igihe kugira ngo bagabanye ingaruka z’igihe kirekire cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa biva muri Aziya bijya i Burayi. Ariko, kubera gutinda mu rugendo rwo kugaruka, ibikoresho by’amakontenari biri hanze mu karere ka Aziya ni bike cyane, kandi amasosiyete yo gutwara ibicuruzwa agarukira gusa ku "masezerano ya VIP" menshi cyangwa abatwara ibicuruzwa biteguye kwishyura ibiciro byo hejuru by’imizigo.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nta cyizere cy'uko amakontena yose yagejejwe kuri terminal azoherezwa mbere y'Ubunani bw'Abashinwa ku ya 10 Gashyantare, kuko abatwara imizigo bazahitamo imizigo y'ahantu hamwe ifite ibiciro biri hejuru kandi basubike amasezerano afite ibiciro biri hasi.
Igiciro cya Gashyantare kiri hejuru y'amadolari 10.000
Ku nshuro ya 12 yo mu gihugu, ikinyamakuru US Consumer News and Business Channel cyatangaje ko uko umwuka mubi ukomeza kwiyongera mu Nyanja Itukura, ari nako ingaruka ku bwikorezi ku isi ziyongera, ibiciro byo gutwara ibicuruzwa birushaho kwiyongera. Ubushyuhe mu Nyanja Itukura burimo kugira ingaruka zikomeye, bituma ibiciro byo gutwara ibicuruzwa bizamuka hirya no hino ku isi.
Dukurikije imibare, yagizweho ingaruka n’imimerere yo mu Nyanja Itukura, ibiciro by’imizigo y’amakontenari ku nzira zimwe na zimwe zo muri Aziya-Uburayi byazamutse hafi 600% vuba aha. Muri icyo gihe kandi, kugira ngo bishyure ihagarikwa ry’inzira yo mu Nyanja Itukura, amasosiyete menshi y’ubwikorezi arimo kwimura amato yabo ava mu zindi nzira ajya muri Aziya-Uburayi n’inzira zo muri Aziya-Mediterane, ibyo bikaba byongera ikiguzi cyo gutwara ku zindi nzira.
Nk’uko raporo yashyizwe ku rubuga rwa Loadstar ibivuga, igiciro cy’ubwikorezi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi bw’Amajyaruguru muri Gashyantare cyari hejuru cyane, kirenga $10.000 kuri konteneri imwe ya metero 12.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’amakontena, kigaragaza impuzandengo y’ubwikorezi bw’igihe gito, cyakomeje kwiyongera. Mu cyumweru gishize, nk’uko bigaragazwa na Delury World Container Freight Composite Index WCI, igipimo cy’ubwikorezi ku nzira za Shanghai-Northern Europe cyazamutseho 23% kigera kuri $4,406 /FEU, kizamukaho 164% kuva ku ya 21 Ukuboza, mu gihe igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’amakontena kuva Shanghai kugera muri Mediterane cyazamutseho 25% kigera kuri $5,213 /FEU, kizamukaho 166%.
Byongeye kandi, ibura ry'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa konteyineri zidafite ibikoresho n'amategeko agenga ubwikorezi bw'amazi mu muyoboro wa Panama nabyo byazamuye igipimo cy'ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja ya Pasifika, cyazamutseho kimwe cya gatatu kuva mu mpera z'Ukuboza kigera ku madolari 2.800 kuri metero 40 hagati ya Aziya n'Uburengerazuba. Igipimo cy'ubwikorezi bwo mu burasirazuba bwa Aziya na Amerika cyazamutseho 36% kuva mu Kuboza kigera ku madolari 4.200 kuri metero 40.
Amasosiyete menshi y’ubwikorezi yatangaje amabwiriza mashya agenga imizigo
Ariko, ibi biciro by'aho bizagurishirizwa bizagaragara ko bihendutse mu byumweru bike biri imbere niba ibiciro by'imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa Transpacific bihuye n'ibyo abantu biteze. Amwe mu masosiyete yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ya Transpacific azashyiraho ibiciro bishya bya FAK, guhera ku ya 15 Mutarama. Kontineri ifite metero 40 izagura $5,000 ku nkombe y'Iburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu gihe kontineri ifite metero 40 izagura $7,000 ku byambu bya East Coast na Gulf Coast.
Mu gihe ibibazo bikomeje kwiyongera mu Nyanja Itukura, Maersk yaburiye ko ikibazo cyo kubangamira ubwikorezi mu Nyanja Itukura gishobora kumara amezi menshi. Nk'ikigo kinini ku isi gishinzwe ubwikorezi bw'ubwato bwa Mediterranean Shipping (MSC) cyatangaje ko ibiciro by'ubwikorezi bizazamuka mu mpera za Mutarama uhereye ku ya 15. Uru rwego ruteganya ko ibiciro by'ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja ya Pasifika bishobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru kuva mu ntangiriro za 2022.
Isosiyete y’ubwikorezi bw’indege zo mu nyanja ya Mediterane (MSC) yatangaje ibiciro bishya by’imizigo mu gice cya kabiri cya Mutarama. Guhera ku itariki ya 15, igipimo kizazamuka kikagera ku madolari 5.000 ku nzira ijya mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika, amadolari 6.900 ku nzira ijya mu burasirazuba bwa Amerika, na amadolari 7.300 ku nzira ijya mu kigobe cya Megizike.
Byongeye kandi, CMA CGM yo mu Bufaransa yatangaje kandi ko guhera ku ya 15, igipimo cy’imizigo y’amakontenari afite uburebure bwa metero 20 yoherejwe ku byambu by’iburengerazuba bwa Mediterane kiziyongera kikagera ku madolari 3,500, kandi igiciro cy’amakontenari afite uburebure bwa metero 40 kizazamuka kikagera ku madolari 6,000.
Haracyari ibintu bidasanzwe bikomeye
Isoko ryiteze ko ihungabana ry’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa rizakomeza. Amakuru y’isesengura rya Kuehne & Nagel agaragaza ko kugeza ku ya 12, umubare w’amato y’amakontenari yahinduriwe inzira bitewe n’ikibazo cy’inyanja itukura wabonetse ko ari 388, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara indege miliyoni 5.13. Amato mirongo ine n’umwe yamaze kugera ku cyambu cya mbere cy’aho ahinduriwe inzira nyuma yo guhindurirwa inzira. Nk’uko ikigo gishinzwe gusesengura amakuru y’ibikoresho cya Project44 kibitangaza, urujya n’uruza rw’amato buri munsi mu muyoboro wa Suez rwagabanutseho 61% rugera ku mpuzandengo y’amato 5.8 kuva mbere y’igitero cya Houthi.
Abasesenguzi b'isoko bagaragaje ko ibitero bya Amerika n'Ubwongereza ku ntego za Houthi bitazagabanya imimerere iriho muri iki gihe mu Nyanja Itukura, ahubwo ko bizongera cyane amakimbirane yo mu gace, bigatuma amasosiyete y'ubwikorezi yirinda inzira ya Nyanja Itukura igihe kirekire. Guhindura inzira byagize ingaruka ku buryo bwo gupakira no gupakurura ibicuruzwa ku byambu, aho igihe cyo gutegereza mu byambu bikomeye bya Durban na Cape Town muri Afurika y'Epfo kigeze ku mibare ibiri.
“Sintekereza ko amasosiyete yo gutwara abagenzi azasubira mu nzira ya Red Sea vuba aha,” uyu ni Tamas, inzobere mu by’isoko. “Kuri njye bisa nkaho nyuma y’ibitero bya Amerika n’Ubwongereza ku ntego za Houthi, umwuka mubi mu Nyanja Itukura ushobora kudahagarara gusa, ahubwo no kwiyongera.”
Mu gusubiza ibitero by’indege za Amerika n’Ubwongereza ku ngabo za Houthi muri Yemen, ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati byagaragaje impungenge zikomeye. Abasesenguzi b’isoko bavuga ko hari urujijo runini ku bijyanye n’imimerere iriho muri iki gihe mu Nyanja Itukura. Ariko, niba Arabiya Sawudite, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu n’abandi bakora peteroli mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati babigizemo uruhare mu gihe kizaza, bizatuma ibiciro bya peteroli bihindagurika cyane, kandi ingaruka zizaba nini cyane.
Banki y'Isi yatanze umuburo ku mugaragaro, igaragaza ko hakomeje kubaho imvururu za politiki mu bihugu bitandukanye ndetse n'uko hashobora kubaho ihungabana ry'ingufu.
Inkomoko: Imitwe y'Ibinyamakuru bya Fibre y'Ubutabire, Umuyoboro Mpuzamahanga w'Imyenda, Umuyoboro
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 17-2024