Ku ya 11 Mutarama, ikinyamakuru Economic Daily cyanditse kuri Hubei, maze gishyira ahagaragara inkuru igira iti “Kuvugurura inganda gakondo zifitiye akamaro – Hubei ikora ubushakashatsi ku kwimura inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda zo ku nkombe”. Twibande kuri Hubei kugira ngo dufate imiterere mishya y’iterambere n’inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda zo ku nkombe kugira ngo amahirwe yo kohereza mu turere two hagati n’utw’iburengerazuba, kandi duteze imbere cyane inganda zikora imyenda ku rwego rwo hejuru, zifite ubwenge n’ibidukikije. Dore inyandiko yuzuye:
Inganda z'imyenda n'imyenda ni uruganda rw'ibanze rufitanye isano n'ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw'abantu. Nk'inganda gakondo zunguka, inganda z'imyenda n'imyenda za Hubei zifite amateka maremare, ishingiro rikomeye n'imiterere yihariye, ariko iterambere ry'inganda naryo ryabaye mu gihe gito. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n'uko inganda z'imyenda n'imyenda zo ku nkombe z'inyanja zimukiye ku mugabane, Hubei yazanye amahirwe mashya yo kuvugurura inganda z'imyenda. Ese Hubei ishobora gufata iyi miterere mishya n'amahirwe?
Nyuma y’ivugurura n’ifungurwa, inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda zateye imbere cyane mu turere two ku nkombe nka Guangdong, Fujian na Zhejiang. Kuva mu myaka ya 1980, abaturage ba Hubei bagiye baza mu turere two ku nkombe kugira ngo bitange mu nganda z’imyenda, kandi nyuma y’ibisekuru byinshi byo kwigwizaho, bagiye bimuka mu isi yabo bwite.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’ibintu nk’ibikoresho fatizo, ikiguzi cy’abakozi, n’impinduka za politiki y’inganda, inganda nyinshi z’imyenda n’imyenda zo ku nkombe z’inyanja zimukiye ku mugabane w’isi. Muri icyo gihe, umubare munini w’abakozi b’inganda za Hubei basubiye i Hubei, biha amahirwe “ubucuruzi bwa kabiri” bw’inganda z’imyenda za Hubei. Hubei iha agaciro gakomeye akazi abagarutse i Hubei, yashyizeho gahunda yo kuvugurura inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda muri Hubei, yateguye kandi yubaka pariki nyinshi z’imyenda n’imyenda n’ahantu ho guteranira, kandi yatangije inganda nyinshi z’imyenda n’imyenda zavuye mu turere two ku nkombe z’inyanja.
Aba bimukira bate? Ni iki giteganyijwe mu iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda za Hubei? Abanyamakuru baje muri Jingmen, Jingzhou, Tianmen, Xiantao, Qianjiang n’ahandi kugira ngo basuzume uburyo inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda za Hubei zivugururwa.
Gukora igikorwa cyo guhererekanya icyizere
Mu buryo bufatika, ugereranyije n’intara zo ku nkombe z’inyanja, hari inenge mu iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda muri Hubei. Ku bijyanye n’abakozi, amafaranga menshi aturuka mu ntara zo ku nkombe z’inyanja akurura abakozi b’abahanga bafite ubuhanga buhanitse, ibyo bikaba binatuma habaho ipiganwa rigaragara na Hubei; Ku bijyanye n’uruhererekane rw’inganda, nubwo umusaruro w’ubudodo n’imyenda muri Hubei uri ku isonga mu gihugu, hari ibura ry’ibigo bitunganya ibikoresho nk’imashini zicapa, zisiga amarangi n’izitanga ibikoresho nk’ibikoresho byo hejuru, cyane cyane ibura ry’ibigo by’inganda, kandi uruhererekane rw’inganda ntirurarangira. Ku bijyanye n’aho ruherereye n’isoko, uturere two ku nkombe nka Guangdong na Fujian dufite inyungu nyinshi mu bucuruzi bwa interineti n’ahandi.
Ariko kandi, hari ibyiza byinshi mu iterambere ry’inganda zikora imyenda n’imyenda muri Hubei. Ukurikije ishingiro ry’inganda, inganda zikora imyenda ni inganda zikora imyenda gakondo i Hubei, zifite gahunda yuzuye kandi yuzuye. Wuhan imaze igihe kinini ari ikigo kinini cy’inganda zikora imyenda mu Bushinwa bwo Hagati. Ukurikije ikirango, mu myaka ya 1980 na 1990, Hanzheng Street ari yo yavukiye, itsinda ry’ibirango by’imyenda bya Han nka Aidi, Red people, na Cat people ryamenyekanye cyane muri icyo gihugu, rihagaze hamwe n’ishuri rya Hangzhou n’ishuri rya Guangdong, kandi "Qianjiang Tailor" nayo ni ikimenyetso cya zahabu cya Hubei. Ukurikije imiterere y’imodoka, Hubei iherereye mu gice cy’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa mu nyubako ya diyama, uruzi rwa Yangtze runyuramo, inzira z’ubwikorezi zigana iburasirazuba, mu majyaruguru no mu majyepfo zihurira i Wuhan, kandi ikibuga cy’indege cya Ezhou Huahu, ikibuga cy’indege kinini cy’imizigo muri Aziya, cyarafunguwe. Izi nyungu ni zo shingiro ry’iterambere rya Hubei ry’inganda zikora imyenda n’imyenda.
“Mu rwego rw’iterambere, kwimura inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda ni amahitamo adashobora kwirindwa hakurikijwe amategeko y’ubukungu.” Xie Qing, visi perezida mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinzwe gucunga inganda z’imyenda mu Bushinwa, yavuze ko muri iki gihe, ikiguzi cy’ubutaka n’abakozi mu turere two ku nkombe z’inyanja cyiyongereye cyane ugereranyije n’igihe cyashize, kandi iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda muri Hubei rifite amateka maremare kandi rifite ishingiro ryo kwimura inganda.
Muri iki gihe, inganda zikora imyenda zirimo kwerekeza ku rwego rwo hejuru, rufite ubwenge n'ibidukikije, amasoko yo mu gihugu no mu mahanga yahindutse cyane, kandi imiterere y'ibicuruzwa n'isoko ry'ibicuruzwa by'inganda z'imyenda n'imyenda zo mu Bushinwa nabyo byarahindutse. Inganda zikora imyenda n'imyenda za Hubei zitabira cyane impinduka ziri ku isoko, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa uko isoko rihagaze kugira ngo twongere imbaraga.
“Mu gihe kiri imbere, amahirwe y’inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda za Hubei aruta imbogamizi.” Sheng Yuechun, visi Guverineri w’Intara ya Hubei akaba n’umwe mu bagize itsinda riyoboye ishyaka, yavuze ko Hubei yashyize ku rutonde inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda nk’imwe mu nganda icyenda zirimo gutera imbere. Amakuru agaragaza ko mu 2022, inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda za Hubei zifite ibigo 1.651 biri ku itegeko, bigeze ku nyungu z’ubucuruzi zingana na miliyari 335.86 z’amayuani, biza ku mwanya wa gatanu mu gihugu, kandi bigira uruhare rwiza mu kwemeza ko zitangwa, zigatuma abantu bakenera mu gihugu, zikongera akazi kandi zikongera amafaranga.
Mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2022, bitewe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19 no kuvugurura politiki y’inganda muri Guangdong, abakozi benshi b’abahanga bo muri Hubei basubiye i Hubei. Dukurikije ibitekerezo by’Ishyirahamwe ry’Inganda z’Imideli z’Imyenda ry’Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Hubei mu Ntara ya Guangdong, hari abantu bagera ku 300.000 bakora akazi ko gutunganya imyenda muri “umudugudu wa Hubei” muri Guangdong, kandi abagera kuri 70% by’abakozi basubiye i Hubei icyo gihe. Impuguke zivuga ko 60% by’abantu 300.000 bo mu “imidugudu ya Hubei” bazaguma i Hubei kugira ngo babone akazi.
Gutaha kw'abakozi b'abahanga bitanga amahirwe yo guhindura no kuzamura inganda z'imyenda za Hubei. Mu Ntara ya Hubei, aba bakozi b'abimukira si ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'akazi kigomba gukemurwa gusa, ahubwo ni imbaraga nziza zo kuvugurura inganda. Muri urwo rwego, Komite y'Ishyaka ry'Intara ya Hubei na guverinoma y'Intara babiha agaciro gakomeye kandi bakoranye inama nyinshi zidasanzwe kugira ngo bigane ingamba zo kwimura inganda no guteza imbere iterambere ry'inganda z'imyenda n'imyenda. Sheng Yuechun yayoboye kandi ayobora ibikorwa byinshi nko mu nama y'impinduka mu bya tekiniki by'imyenda n'imyenda ndetse n'ihuriro ry'impuguke mu nganda zigezweho z'imyenda n'imyenda kugira ngo basabe ibitekerezo, bakemure ibibazo, bahindure ikibazo mo amahirwe, kandi bashushanye igishushanyo mbonera cy'impinduka ya kabiri mu nganda z'imyenda za Hubei.
Icyerekezo gitandukanye cyo guhuza amarushanwa
Mu rwego rwo gufata no kwishimira amahirwe abakozi b’inganda basubira mu mujyi wabo no guteza imbere impinduka zisesuye no kuzamura inganda z’imyenda, Intara ya Hubei yasohoye Gahunda y’Ibikorwa y’Imyaka Itatu yo Guteza Imbere Inganda z’Imyenda n’Imyambaro mu Ntara ya Hubei (2023-2025), igaragaza icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda mu rwego rwo hejuru.
"Gahunda" ivuga neza ko ari ngombwa gufata imiterere mishya y'iterambere n'amahirwe y'inganda zikora imyenda n'imyenda zo ku nkombe zo kwimukira mu turere two hagati n'utw'iburengerazuba, gukurikiza icyerekezo cya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, imideli, n'iterambere ryita ku bidukikije, kwita ku kwiyongera kw'ubwoko, kunoza ireme, no guhanga ibirango, no guharanira gukosora imbaho ngufi no gukora imbaho ndende.
Bayobowe na "Gahunda", Hubei yashyizeho gahunda zihariye zo guteza imbere inganda z'imyenda. Sheng Yuechun yavuze ko ku ruhande rumwe, uturere twose tugomba kwibanda ku byiza by'inganda, gukora ibikorwa byo guteza imbere ishoramari neza, guteza imbere ishoramari, no gushimangira ishyirwaho ry'ibigo bikomeye, ibirango bizwi cyane n'imiterere mishya y'ubucuruzi; Ku rundi ruhande, tugomba gufata iya mbere mu guhanga udushya, gushingira ku kuri, no gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga myinshi yo kuvugurura inganda, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, ndetse no kongera imbaraga mu mishinga.
Ishyirwaho rya "Gahunda" nta gushidikanya ko rizongera umuriro mu guhindura no kuvugurura inganda z'imyenda hirya no hino mu gihugu. Umuntu mukuru ushinzwe Umujyi wa Tianmen yavuze mu buryo bweruye ati: "Inganda z'imyenda n'imyenda ni inganda gakondo za Tianmen, kandi kwitabwaho cyane na Komite y'Ishyaka ry'Intara na guverinoma y'Intara byongereye icyizere cy'ibindi bikorwa muri buri mujyi."
Umuntu mukuru ushinzwe Ishami ry’Ubukungu n’Itangazamakuru rya Hubei yagize ati: “Kugira ngo dukore akazi keza mu kugaruza inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda no gushyigikira iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda, Jingzhou, Tianmen, Xiantao, Qianjiang n’ahandi henshi bashyizeho politiki n’ingamba zifite zahabu nyinshi kandi zigamije cyane.”
Byaba biturutse ku ruhererekane rw'inganda cyangwa mu byiciro by'imyenda, inganda z'imyenda zifite ibice bitandukanye. Iterambere ry'inganda z'imyenda mu bice bitandukanye by'Intara ya Hubei riratandukanye, kandi iterambere ry'uruhererekane rwose hamwe n'ibyiciro byinshi mu mijyi itandukanye yo muri iyo ntara bishobora kwirinda guhuza no guhangana ku rwego rwo hasi, guteza imbere inzira yo gutandukanya no gukorana, kandi buri hantu hakagira "umwanya waho w'ingenzi".
Wuhan, nk'umurwa mukuru w'intara, ifite ubwikorezi bworoshye, impano nyinshi, n'inyungu zidasanzwe mu gushushanya imyenda, ubucuruzi bw'ibicuruzwa, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi no guhanga udushya. Wang Yuancheng, umwe mu bagize itsinda ry'abayobozi b'ishyaka akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa Guverinoma y'abaturage ya Wuhan, yagize ati: “Wuhan ishimangira ubufatanye na Kaminuza ya Huazhong y'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga, Kaminuza y'Imyenda ya Wuhan n'izindi mbaraga z'umwuga mu gushushanya ibicuruzwa, ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi, no gukoresha ibicuruzwa. Mu guteza imbere ahantu hashya ho gukura, tuzakora cyane mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere imyenda ikora, imyenda mishya n'imyenda y'inganda kugira ngo twongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana mu myenda n'imyenda.”
Hankou North Clothing City Phase II niho hahurira ibicuruzwa byinshi byo mu bwoko bwa Han mu Bushinwa bwo hagati. Cao Tianbin, perezida wa Hankou North Group, yavuze ko ubu iki kigo gifite ibigo 143 by’imyenda, birimo abacuruzi 33 b’ibicuruzwa byo mu bwoko bwa “consumers”, abacuruzi 30 b’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, abacuruzi 2 b’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti bambukiranya imipaka, n’amatsinda 78 y’itumanaho rya televiziyo.
– Muri Jingzhou, imyambarire y'abana yabaye ingenzi mu nganda z'imyenda zo mu gace. Mu nama yo mu 2023 yo guteza imbere inganda z'imyenda n'imyenda mu Bushinwa yabereye i Jingzhou, imishinga y'imyenda n'imyenda irenga miliyari 5.2 yasinywe ako kanya, hanemejwe ishoramari ringana na miliyari 37 z'amayuan. Jingzhou yanagize inyungu zayo gakondo mu bijyanye n'imyenda y'abana bato n'iy'abana kugira ngo ihange umujyi w'izahabu w'abana bato.
– “Qianjiang Tailor” ni imwe mu masosiyete icumi akomeye yo gutanga serivisi z’umurimo mu Bushinwa. Mu bijyanye no gutunganya imyenda, ibigo bitunganya Qianjiang byakoranye n’amasosiyete menshi y’imyenda; inganda z’amapantaro y’abagore ya Xiantao ziyoboye igihugu, umujyi uzwi cyane mu Bushinwa w’amapantaro y’abagore uherereye hano; Tianmen yizeye gukomeza gutera imbere mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, no gushinga ikirango cy’imyenda yo mu karere “Tianmen clothing”…
Ingamba zo kugabanya ibiciro zihuriweho
Iyi pariki ni ahantu nyaburanga ho gukorera ibikorwa byo kwimura inganda, hashobora gukusanya inganda zifitanye isano muri ako karere no kugira inyungu ku rugero runaka. "Gahunda" iteganya kuyobora inzego z'ibanze kwibanda ku byiza n'imiterere y'inganda, guteganya kubaka pariki z'ingenzi, no kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukora. Muri zo harimo Xiantao, Tianmen, Jingmen, Xiaogan n'izindi nganda zikora imyenda za Guangdong.
Muri Xiantao City Maozui Town industrial conductive marketing pariki, umurongo w’ubuhanga mu gutunganya imashini ukora mu buryo bunoze. Kuri mudasobwa, handitswe mu buryo burambuye imashini zikora imyenda y’ubwoko butandukanye ku murongo w’imashini ziteranya. Umunyamabanga w’ishyaka mu mujyi wa Maozui, Liu Taoyong, yagize ati: “Pariki ifite ubuso bwa mu 5.000, ifite inganda zisaga miliyoni 1.8 z’inganda zisanzwe n’ibigo bigera kuri 400 bifitanye isano n’imyenda.”
Kubara ikiguzi cy'umusaruro ni cyo kibazo cy'ingenzi mu kubaho kw'ibigo. Politiki zo guhitamo inyungu mbere na mbere, kugabanya ikiguzi cy'umusaruro w'ibigo, ni ingamba y'ingenzi kuri za guverinoma zo mu nzego zose muri Hubei kugira ngo zikurure ibigo by'imyenda kugira ngo byiyunge.
Ikiguzi cy'ubutaka ni igice cy'ingenzi mu ibaruramari ry'ibiciro by'umusaruro w'ibigo, igiciro cy'ubutaka gihendutse ni inyungu ikomeye ya Hubei ugereranije n'intara zateye imbere ku nkombe. Kugira ngo hakomeze gushyigikira iterambere ry'ibigo byimura mu ntangiriro z'ubucuruzi, gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ya leta yo kugabanya ubukode bw'ibigo byimuka mu nganda ni nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi muri politiki yashyizweho hirya no hino mu gihugu.
“Xiantao ifata inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda nk’inganda z’ibanze.” Xiantao City, umuyobozi mukuru wavuze ko Xiantao City igiye kubahiriza ibisabwa n’ibigo bikora imyenda, hakurikijwe ingano y’inkunga y’ubukode bw’ikigo buri mwaka mu gihe cy’imyaka 3.
Politiki nk'izo nazo zirimo kugera i Qianjiang, nk'uko umuyobozi wa Qianjiang Zhonglun Shangge, Co., LTD., yabibwiye abanyamakuru ati: “Kuri ubu, ikigo cyakodesheje uruganda gifite inkunga, kwimura ibigo nabyo bifite politiki nziza, bityo ‘mu rugo’ kandi ntibyakoresheje amafaranga menshi.”
Ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho by’amasosiyete y’imyenda ntigishobora kwirengagizwa. Kubera ko nta ngaruka zari zihari mbere, ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho cyari ikibazo ibigo by’imyenda bya Hubei byagombaga kwibandaho. Ni gute wagabanya ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho muri Hubei? Ku ruhande rumwe, kusanya ibigo by’umusaruro kugira ngo byorohere ibigo by’ibikoresho gukusanya vuba udupaki tw’ibikoresho no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho; Ku rundi ruhande, gushyira ibigo by’ibikoresho mu mihanda kugira ngo bitange politiki n’uburyo bworohereza ibigo.
Guverinoma yashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu biganiro n'ibigo by'ubwikorezi. Umuntu mukuru ushinzwe Tianmen City yabariye konti umunyamakuru agira ati: “Mbere, ibigo by'imyenda bya Tianmen byaguraga amafaranga arenga 2 yuan, hejuru ya Guangdong.” Nyuma y'ibiganiro intambwe ku yindi, ikiguzi cy'ubwikorezi cya Tianmen cyagabanutseho kimwe cya kabiri, ndetse kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'igiciro cy'ibikoresho muri Guangdong.”
Kugira ngo politiki zishyirwe mu bikorwa, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ni ryo shingiro. Umuntu mukuru ushinzwe ishami ry’ubukungu n’itangazamakuru rya Hubei yavuze ko Hubei yashyize mu bikorwa cyane uburyo bwo gukora "uburebure bw’umunyururu + umunyururu mukuru + umunyururu" kandi yafashe gahunda rusange zo guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda. Hubei yubatse kandi ishyiraho uburyo bwo kwamamaza buyobowe n’abayobozi b’intara, buhuzwa n’amashami y’intara, bushyigikiwe n’amatsinda y’inzobere, kandi bugashyirwa mu bikorwa n’amatsinda y’abakozi yihariye. Itsinda ry’abakozi ryihariye riyobowe n’ishami ry’ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga mu ntara ya Hubei, hamwe n’amashami menshi abigizemo uruhare mu guhuza no gukemura ibibazo bikomeye mu iterambere ry’inganda. Impinduka no kuvugurura inganda z’imyenda biri gutera imbere cyane muri Jingchu.
Politiki zo gukundisha ibigo by'ubucuruzi
Amasosiyete ni yo shingiro ry’ibikorwa by’umusaruro n’imikorere, kandi ni yo mbaraga nshya zo guhindura no kuvugurura inganda z’imyenda za Hubei. Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’ibibazo hanze, abakora ubucuruzi bw’imyenda benshi muri Hubei bafite ubushake bwo gusubira mu mujyi wabo ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere umujyi wabo.
Liu Jianyong niwe ushinzwe Tianmen Yuezi Clothing Co., LTD., wakoreye cyane i Guangdong imyaka myinshi, yubaka uruganda rwe bwite rukora ibicuruzwa. Muri Werurwe 2021, Liu Jianyong yasubiye mu mujyi we i Tianmen maze ashinga Yue Zi Clothing Company.
“Ikirere cyo mu rugo ni cyiza kurushaho.” Ikirere cyavuzwe na Liu Jianyong, ku ruhande rumwe, kivuga ku bidukikije bya politiki, kandi urukurikirane rwa politiki zishyigikira bituma Liu Jianyong arushaho kumererwa neza; Ku rundi ruhande, ikigo cya Tianmen gishinzwe inganda z’imyenda ni cyiza.
Abayobozi b'ubucuruzi benshi bavuze ko politiki zo gutonesha ari ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kubakurura ngo bagaruke mu gihugu cyabo kugira ngo bagire iterambere.
Qidian Group ni uruganda rukora imyenda ruhagarariye Tianmen, rwatandukanije igice cy’ubucuruzi bwarwo na Guangzhou rukazatera imbere muri Tianmen mu 2021. Kuri ubu, iri tsinda ryashinze amasosiyete menshi ajyanye n’ikorwa ry’imyenda, akubiyemo gutanga ibikoresho byo hejuru, gukora imyenda, kugurisha ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti no gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwihuse.
“Amabwiriza yagiye ahora atangwa mu myaka mike ishize, kandi ikiguzi cyo kubika no gukurura abakozi muri Guangzhou kiri hejuru cyane, kandi igihombo ni kinini.” Fei Wen, ukuriye ikigo, yabwiye abanyamakuru ati: “Muri icyo gihe, politiki ya Tianmen yadukoze ku mutima, kandi guverinoma yanakoreye inama i Guangzhou kugira ngo ikurure ishoramari no gukorana n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi.” Hagati ya “gusunika no gukurura”, gutaha byabaye amahitamo meza cyane.
Liu Gang yasubiye mu mujyi wa iwabo gutangiza ubucuruzi anyuze mu yindi nzira - abaturage bagenzi be bari kumwe n'abaturage bagenzi be. Yakoreye i Guangzhou mu 2002 nk'umudozi. “Nasubiye i Qianjiang mvuye i Guangzhou muri Gicurasi 2022, ntunganya cyane cyane ibyo gutumiza urubuga rw'ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.” Ubucuruzi bwagenze neza kuva aho ngarutse, kandi ibyo gutumiza birahamye. Byongeye kandi, hari politiki nziza mu mujyi wanjye, bityo yangiriye inama yo gusubirayo tugakorana.” Liu Gang yavuze ko nyuma yo gusobanukirwa uko iterambere ry'ingo nto zo gutaha, yafashe iya mbere yo gutera iyi ntambwe yo gutaha.
Uretse politiki, umuryango nawo ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku kugaruka kwabo mu rugo. Iperereza ry'umunyamakuru ryagaragaje ko mu bagarutse, baba ba rwiyemezamirimo cyangwa abakozi, abenshi muri bo baba bari mu "myaka 80", mu buryo bw'ibanze baba bakuze kandi bato.
Liu Gang yavutse mu 1987, nk'uko yabibwiye abanyamakuru, “Ubu abana bari mu mashuri abanza, ababyeyi barakuze. Gutaha ni ukubera impamvu z'akazi ku ruhande rumwe, no kwita ku babyeyi n'abana ku rundi ruhande.”
Amasosiyete ameze nk'inguge zo mu gasozi, ari na zo zigena aho abakozi bo mu nganda bazajya bakorera. Li Hongxia ni umudozi usanzwe, ufite imyaka 20 uvuye mu majyepfo ujya mu majyaruguru kugira ngo akore, ubu akaba ari mu kigero cy'imyaka 40. “Nyuma y'iyo myaka yose, nta mwanya mfite wo kwita ku muryango wanjye. Amasosiyete menshi y'imyenda yagarutse kugira ngo yongere amahirwe yo kubona akazi mu mujyi wanjye, maze njye n'umugabo wanjye tuganira ku kugaruka ku kazi, ariko nanone kwita ku bageze mu za bukuru n'abana. Kuri ubu, ninjiza amayuan agera ku 10.000 ku kwezi.” Li Hongxia yagize ati.
Ibisubizo bitangiye kugaragaza imbaraga zikomeye
Kuri ubu, inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda muri Hubei zirimo kubaka buhoro buhoro urusobe rw’ibikoresho no kuvugurura cyane urusobe rw’inganda mu cyerekezo cy’iterambere rya “siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, imideli n’ibidukikije”, bityo bigateza imbere kunoza urusobe rw’agaciro no kugera ku iterambere ry’inganda rifite ireme. Hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki zitandukanye, inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda muri Hubei zagaragaje impinduka nziza.
Urugero rw’inganda zikora imyenda rwarushijeho kunozwa. Hashingiwe ku ngano yabanje, ingaruka z’iterambere ry’inganda zikora imyenda muri Hubei ziragaragara. Wuhan, Jingzhou, Tianmen, Xiantao, Qianjiang n’ahandi hamaze kuba agace k’inganda zikora imyenda. Imijyi myinshi izwi cyane nka Hanchuan, Umujyi uzwi cyane mu Bushinwa ukora imyenda, Umujyi wa Cenhe, Umujyi uzwi cyane mu Bushinwa ucuruza amapantaro y’abagore, Umujyi wa Maozui, n’Umujyi wa Tianmen, ikigo cy’imyigaragambyo mu Bushinwa mu bijyanye n’imyenda.
Muri Tianmen, ikigo cy’ubucuruzi bw’imyenda y’umwimerere y’ifarashi yera kirimo kubakwa. Wang Zhonghua, perezida wa Baima Group, yagize ati: “Kuri ubu, gukodesha no kugurisha inganda z’iyi sosiyete ni byiza, kandi inyinshi muri zo zaragurishijwe.”
Mu rwego rwo gukorana mu iterambere ry’inganda zikora imyenda ya Hubei, hishingikirijwe ku byiza bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga n’inyungu z’impano, Hubei Huafeng Supply Chain Company n’amashami icyenda ari muri Huangshi, Jingzhou, Huanggang, Xiantao, Qianjiang, Tianmen n’ahandi hamaze gushyirwaho. Qi Zhiping, perezida wa Hubei Huafeng Supply Chain Co., Ltd. yagize ati: “Huafeng chain ikomeje gushyira imbaraga mu guhindura no kuvugurura sisitemu y’ikoranabuhanga y’inganda gakondo, gushakisha uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ibintu mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki, kunoza urwego rw’imicungire y’amakuru mu buryo nyabwo, no kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki mu nganda zikora imyenda n’imyenda za Hubei.”
Udushya twabaye imbaraga nyamukuru mu iterambere. Kaminuza ya Wuhan Textile ni yo kaminuza isanzwe yo mu Bushinwa yitiriwe imyenda, ifite imiterere yihariye y’inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda, kandi ifite inzego nyinshi z’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere mu gihugu nka Laboratwari y’ingenzi ya Leta y’ibikoresho bishya by’imyenda n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryubatswe n’amashami y’intara na za minisiteri. Yishingikirije ku mikoreshereze myiza, Kaminuza ya Wuhan Textile igira uruhare runini mu “guhanga umunyururu”, iteza imbere iterambere ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, kandi igafasha iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda. “Mu ntambwe ikurikiraho, Kaminuza ya Wuhan Textile izakora ubushakashatsi buhuriweho kandi bufatanye ku ikoranabuhanga rihuriweho n’ibigo bireba kugira ngo bateze imbere impinduka n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyagezweho mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.” Feng Jun, visi perezida wa Kaminuza ya Wuhan Textile.
Birumvikana ko kwimura inganda bitazagenda neza, kandi haracyari ibibazo byinshi bigerageza ubwenge, ubutwari n'ubudahangarwa bya za leta n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi ku nzego zose muri Hubei.
Ikibazo cy’ibura ry’abakozi ni cyo kibazo cyihutirwa. Irushanwa ry’abakozi bo mu turere two ku nkombe ntirikwiye kwirengagizwa. “Dufite amabwiriza, ariko nta bushobozi dufite.” Mu gihe hari amabwiriza menshi, ingorane zo gushaka abakozi zituma Xie Wenshuang, ushinzwe kuyobora Shang wisdom manufacture, ababara umutwe. Nk’umukozi wa leta yo mu nzego z’ibanze, Meya w’Umujyi wa Xiantao Sanfutan Town, Liu Zhengchuan, asobanukiwe n’ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ibigo, “ibura ry’abakozi ni ikibazo ibigo muri rusange bigaragaza, turimo kugerageza gukemura.” Liu Zhengchuan yakodesheje bisi 60 mu mujyi n’akarere kugira ngo “asahure” abantu, “ariko iki si igisubizo cy’igihe kirekire, ntabwo gifasha iterambere ry’inganda, intambwe ikurikiraho ni iyo mu ntara zo ku nkombe, kunoza ingano y’imirimo muri iyo ntara.”
Kubaka ikirango birakora mu gihe kirekire. Ugereranyije n'uturere two ku nkombe z'inyanja, Hubei nta birango by'imyenda byigenga bifite ijwi rirenga, kandi urwego rw'inganda ruri hasi. Urugero, ubucuruzi bwinshi buzwi cyane bwo gutunganya imyenda mu gihugu i Hubei, Xiantao, buracyakora ibyo butumije bya OEM, ibigo birenga 80% nta kirango bifite, ikirango gisanzweho ni gito, gitatanye, kandi gitandukanye. Liu Sen, umunyamabanga mukuru w'ishyirahamwe ry'inganda z'imyenda rya Qianjiang yagize ati: “Ubwiza bw'imyenda ikorerwa i Qianjiang ni bwiza, kandi ntabwo turi babi mu ikoranabuhanga, ariko kubaka ikirango kizwi ni inzira y'igihe kirekire.”
Byongeye kandi, bimwe mu byiza byo kugereranya uturere two ku nkombe z'inyanja nabyo ni ibitekerezo bigufi Hubei igomba gusesengura. Ikintu kimwe gishobora kugaragaza uko ba rwiyemezamirimo bategereza bakabona iterambere ry'inganda z'imyenda mu mujyi wabo ni uko amasosiyete menshi adasohoka burundu mu turere two ku nkombe z'inyanja, ahubwo agakomeza kubungabunga inganda zabo n'abakozi baho.
Biragoye kunyura muri iyo nzira, kandi inzira iri imbere ni ndende. Impinduka n'iterambere ry'inganda zikora imyenda muri Hubei biri mu nzira, mu gihe ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru bizakemuka, hazabaho imyenda myiza cyane mu gihugu ndetse no ku isi yose.
Inkomoko: Economic Daily, Hubei Industrial Information, Network
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-22-2024