Kuki uburemere bw'imyenda buri munsi y'ubuziranenge? Gukemura ibibazo bivuye mu ngingo 8

GSM idahagije (garama kuri metero kare) ishobora gusa n'ikibazo gito kitagira ingaruka nyinshi ku bucuruzi busanzwe. Ariko, ku byoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa ibikorwa byihariye by'ubucuruzi, GSM akenshi ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi cyane. Ni ibisanzwe ko ibigo bifata ibiciro binini ariko bigahura n'ibibazo bitewe na GSM idahagije y'imyenda. Hasi aha hari impamvu zituma GSM idahagije y'imyenda.

1. Kumenya GSM y'imyenda

Ubwa mbere, banza urebe niba umubare w'ubudodo n'ubucucike bw'imyenda bihuye n'ibipimo. Kata icyitegererezo cy'urukiramende cyangwa kare mu mwenda, urebe neza ko impande zacyo zihuye n'ubudodo bubiri bwo kuzunguruka n'ubudodo bubiri bwo kuzunguruka. Pima uburebure n'ubugari (muri santimetero) ukoresheje agakoresho k'icyuma kugira ngo ubare ubuso bw'icyitegererezo cyaciwe (muri santimetero kare). Hanyuma pima icyitegererezo ku gipimo cyo kuringaniza (muri miligarama).
Ifishi yo kubara icyitegererezo cya GSM:

GSM=1000Uburemere (mg)​÷10000Agace (cm2)​=Agace (cm2)Uburemere (mg)​×10

1.1 Uburyo bwo Kubara Buhuriweho n'Igikoresho

Urugero: Icyitegererezo cy'imyenda gifite uburebure bwa cm 7 na cm 8 z'ubugari, gifite uburemere bwa mg 772.

GSM=7×8772​×10=138 g/m2

1.2 Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho gusa

Koresha icyitegererezo cy'imyenda kizengurutse. Shyira umwenda munsi hanyuma uzunguruke icyuma gikata inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo ukate ingero eshatu z'uruziga (zifashwe nibura cm 20 uvuye ku ruhande cyangwa ku mpera y'imyenda). Pima ingero ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ubone agaciro nyako ka GSM.

2. Kubara GSM y'imyenda yasizwe irangi

Igitambaro cy'umukara GSM yerekeza ku buremere buri gice cy'igitambaro, ubusanzwe kigaragazwa muri garama kuri metero kare (g/m²) cyangwa ounces kuri yadi kare (oz/yd²). GSM nyayo igirwaho ingaruka cyane n'ikigereranyo cy'ipamba, umubare w'ubudodo, ubugari bw'igitambaro cyarangiye, n'uburyo nyuma yo kurangiza. Hasi hari formula zoroshye zo kubara GSM:

2.1 Kubara GSM ku myenda idapfundikiye irangi

GSM=(Umubare w'Udupira tw'Imyenda y'Imvi Ubucucike bw'Udupira tw'Imvi +Umubare w'Udupira tw'Imvi Ubucucike bw'Udupira tw'Imvi)×24.3
Urugero: Kubara GSM y'umwenda ufite ibisobanuro bya 20×16 / 128×60 / 63″.

GSM=(20128​+1660​)×24.3≈246.6 g/m2

Ingano nyayo ya GSM ni hagati ya 242–248 g/m².

2.2 Kubara GSM ku myenda yarangije gukoreshwa

GSM=Ubugari bw'Imyenda Irangiye Ubugari bw'Imyenda × (Ibarura ry'Imyenda Ifite Ingufu Ubucucike bw'Imyenda ku Myenda × 22.17 + Ibarura ry'Imyenda Ifite Ingufu Ubucucike bw'Imyenda Ifite Ingufu × 21.4)
Urugero: Kubara GSM y'umwenda ufite ibisobanuro C 78″ / 20×16+70D / 116×48.

GSM=5878​×(20116​×22.17+1648​×21.4)≈259 g/m2

Ingano nyayo ya GSM ni hagati ya 260–265 g/m².

Icyitonderwa: 78″ bivuga ubugari bw'urubingo, naho 58″ bivuga ubugari bw'igitambaro cyarangiye.

3. Kugereranya hagati y'ibarura ryoroshye n'ibipimo nyabyo

Gereranya agaciro ka GSM kabazwe hakoreshejwe formula yoroshye na GSM yapimwe by’ingero y’imyenda yarangiye. Muri rusange, kunyura mu gipimo kiri hagati ya ± 5 g/m² bifatwa nk’ibyemewe. Kunyura mu gipimo gikomeye bisaba isesengura ryimbitse. Hashingiwe ku myaka y’uburambe, imiterere ikurikira yavuzwe muri make:
Kugabanuka kwa ± 5 g/m² ni ibisanzwe mu bihe bisanzwe. Ku bigabanuka bikomeye, kurikiza aya mabwiriza: Ubudodo buto buvanze bukunda kugira ibigabanuka bito.
  1. Ku budodo bwa polyester-pamba, polyester-nylon ivanze, n'ubudodo bwa fibre ya shimi, ihinduka ry'ingufu riri hejuru y'ingufu 583.1 zikoreshwa ku ipamba ry'umwimerere. Ubudodo bufite umubare umwe w'ingufu bufite umubare munini w'ingufu nyazo, bigatuma agaciro ka GSM kabarwa kaba kari hasi ugereranyije n'agaciro nyako gapimwe.
  2. Ubudodo bukozwe mu gupfunyika ubudodo bubiri cyangwa burenze bumwe. Bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ubudodo, umubare nyawo w'ubudodo uba munini kurusha umubare w'ubudodo, bigatuma agaciro ka GSM kabarwa kaba kari munsi y'agaciro nyako gapimwe. Uku kudohoka kugaragara cyane iyo ubudodo bwombi bwa warp na weft bupfunyitse.
  3. Ubudodo bukozwe mu migozi ifunguye kandi bugira igihombo gikomeye mu gihe cyo gusya mbere yo gusiga irangi no gucapa, bigatuma agaciro ka GSM kabarwa kaba kari hejuru y’agaciro nyako kapimwe.
  4. GSM ikunze kwiyongeraho 5–6.5% nyuma yo gusukurwa.
  5. Ku myenda irangi ryijimye, uburemere bw'irangi butuma agaciro ka GSM kabazwe kaba kari hejuru gato y'agaciro nyako gapimwe.
  6. Ku myenda yanduye cyangwa ifite ibara ryoroheje, agaciro ka GSM kabazwe kari hejuru gato y’agaciro nyako gapimwe.
  7. GSM yiyongeraho 3–7% nyuma yo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe irangi.
  8. GSM igabanukaho 3.5–6% nyuma yo kuvurwa no gufungwa.

4. Impamvu zituma imyenda irangiye igabanuka GSM

  1. Kurambura cyane mu gihe cyo kuvura mbere yo kuvurwa bituma ubucucike bw'imitsi bugabanuka.
  2. Kurambura cyane umwenda warangiye kugeza ku bugari bukabije.
  3. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa alkali n'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane nyuma yo gutunganya ibintu byangiza imigozi y'ubudodo.
  4. Ubudodo busanzwe bugurwa ni bworoshye kurusha umubare wagenwe (urugero, ubudodo bwa 40S bupima 41S).
  5. Gucikagurika gukabije kw'ubudodo busanzwe mu gihe cyo kuboha bituma ubudodo butakaza fibre nyinshi, bigatuma ubudodo bugabanuka kandi GSM igagabanuka.
  6. Gusubiramo irangi cyangwa gukuramo irangi mu gihe cyo gusiga irangi bitera igihombo gikomeye cy'ubudodo n'ubudodo buto.
  7. Ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane mu gihe cyo gutwika butuma igitambaro cyumya, hanyuma uburyo bwo gukata ingano bwangiza ubudodo, bigatuma burushaho kuba buto.
  8. Kwangirika k'ubuso bw'igitambaro mu gihe cyo koza cyangwa gusudira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-18-2025