Kuva aho ivumbi rituriye nyuma y’amatora ya Amerika, imisoro ku byoherezwa mu mahanga ni kimwe mu bibazo bihangayikishije cyane abakora imyenda benshi.
Nk’uko Bloomberg News ibitangaza, abagize itsinda rya Perezida mushya wa Amerika baherutse kuvuga mu kiganiro kuri telefoni ko bazashyiraho imisoro imwe n’iy’Ubushinwa ku bicuruzwa byose binyura ku cyambu cya Qiankai.
Ikivuko cya Qiankai, izina abantu benshi bacuruza imyenda batamenyereye, kuki abantu bashobora kurwana cyane? Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'amahirwe y'ubucuruzi buri ku isoko ry'imyenda inyuma y'iki cyambu?
Icyambu cya Chankai
Iki cyambu giherereye ku nkombe y'inyanja ya Pasifika mu burengerazuba bwa Peru, nko mu birometero 80 uvuye mu murwa mukuru Lima, ni icyambu karemano cy'amazi menshi gifite ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 17.8 kandi gishobora gutwara amato manini cyane y'amakontena.
Icyambu cya Qiankai ni kimwe mu mishinga y’ingenzi ya Belt and Road Initiative muri Amerika y’Epfo. Kigenzurwa kandi kigatezwa imbere n’ibigo by’Abashinwa. Icyiciro cya mbere cy’umushinga cyatangiye mu 2021. Nyuma y’imyaka hafi itatu yubatswe, icyambu cya Qiankai cyatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, harimo n’aho ubwato bune bwo ku cyambu, bufite ubujyakuzimu ntarengwa bw’amazi bwa metero 17.8, kandi gishobora gupakira amato 18.000 ya TEU manini cyane. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara bugenewe ni miliyoni 1 ku mwaka mu gihe cya vuba na miliyoni 1.5 za TEU mu gihe kirekire.
Dukurikije gahunda, nyuma yo kurangiza igikorwa cyo kubaka icyambu cya Qiankai kizaba icyambu gikomeye muri Amerika y'Epfo n'"irembo rya Amerika y'Epfo rigana muri Aziya."
Imikorere y'icyambu cya Chankai izagabanya cyane igihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa biva muri Amerika y'Epfo bijya ku isoko rya Aziya kuva ku minsi 35 kugera ku minsi 25, bigabanye ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho. Biteganijwe ko bizazana miliyari 4.5 z'amadolari y'Amerika ku mwaka kandi binatange imirimo irenga 8.000 itaziguye.
Peru ifite isoko rinini ry'imyenda
Kuri Peru n'ibihugu bituranye na Amerika y'Epfo, akamaro k'icyambu gishya cy'amazi maremare ya Pasifika ni ukugabanya kwishingikiriza ku byambu byo muri Megizike cyangwa muri Kaliforuniya no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bya Aziya na Pasifika mu buryo butaziguye.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n'Ubushinwa muri Peru byariyongereye cyane.
Mu mezi 10 ya mbere y'uyu mwaka, ibicuruzwa by'Ubushinwa byohereza mu mahanga n'ibyohereza mu mahanga muri Peru byageze kuri miliyari 254.69 z'amayuan, bingana na 16.8% (ni byo biri hepfo). Muri byo, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by'imodoka n'ibindi bikoresho, telefoni zigendanwa, mudasobwa n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo byiyongereyeho 8.7%, 29.1%, 29.3% na 34.7%, uko bikurikirana. Muri icyo gihe, ibicuruzwa bya Loumi byoherejwe muri Peru byari miliyari 16.5 z'amayuan, bingana na 8.3%, bingana na 20.5%. Muri byo, ibicuruzwa by'imyenda n'imyenda n'ibikomoka kuri pulasitiki byoherejwe mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 9.1% na 14.3%.
Peru ikungahaye ku mabuye y'agaciro akomoka ku muringa, litiyumu n'andi mabuye y'agaciro, kandi hari ingaruka zikomeye zuzuzanya n'inganda zikora mu Bushinwa, ishyirwaho rya cyambu cya Qiankai rishobora kurushaho kugira iyi nyungu yuzuzanya, rigatanga inyungu nyinshi ku baturage bo mu gace, ryagura urwego rw'ubukungu bw'akarere n'ingufu zikoreshwa, ariko nanone kugira ngo inganda zo mu Bushinwa zoherezwe mu mahanga zifungure ibicuruzwa byinshi, kugira ngo zigere ku nyungu ku mpande zombi.
Ibyokurya, imyambaro, amacumbi n'ubwikorezi nk'ibikenewe by'ibanze ku bantu, iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'abaturage, abaturage bo muri ako gace ntibazabura inyota yo kubona imyenda myiza, bityo ishingwa ry'icyambu cya Qiankai naryo ni amahirwe akomeye ku nganda z'imyenda zo mu Bushinwa.
Igikurura cy'isoko rya Amerika y'Epfo
Irushanwa ry’isoko ry’imyenda muri iki gihe ryinjiye mu bihe bikomeye, uretse ukwiyongera kwihuta k’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, hari indi mpamvu ni uko ubukungu bw’isi bugabanuka, ukwiyongera kw’ibikenewe ari bike, buri wese ari mu irushanwa ku isoko ry’imigabane, hanyuma gufungura amasoko mashya ni ingenzi cyane.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, kubaka ku bufatanye bwa "Umukandara n'Umuhanda" byageze ku musaruro mwinshi, mu bijyanye n'imyenda, ibicuruzwa by'Ubushinwa byoherezwa mu mahanga buri mwaka muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Amajyepfo, mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no mu yandi masoko ari kuzamuka vuba, kandi Amerika y'Epfo ishobora kuba "inyanja y'ubururu" ikurikiraho.
Amerika y'Epfo iri ku birometero 7.500 uvuye mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare miliyoni 17.97, irimo ibihugu 12 n'akarere kamwe, ifite abaturage miliyoni 442, ifite umutungo kamere mwinshi, kandi hari byinshi byuzuzanya n'inganda z'Abashinwa n'ibikenewe. Urugero, muri uyu mwaka, Ubushinwa bwatumije inyama nyinshi z'inka muri Arijantine, byakungahaje cyane ameza yo kuriramo y'abaturage, kandi Ubushinwa nabwo bukeneye gutumiza soya nyinshi n'amabuye y'agaciro y'icyuma bivuye muri Burezili buri mwaka, kandi Ubushinwa bunatanga umusaruro mwinshi w'inganda ku baturage bo muri ako gace. Mu bihe byashize, ibi bikorwa byasabaga kunyura mu muyoboro wa Panama, byatwaraga igihe kinini kandi bihenze. Hamwe n'ishyirwaho ry'icyambu cya Qiankai, inzira yo guhuza urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka muri iri soko nayo iri kwihuta.
Guverinoma ya Brezili yatangaje ko iteganya gushora imari ingana na miliyari 4.5 z'amadolari (hafi miliyoni 776 z'amadolari) mu guteza imbere gahunda yo guhuza Amerika y'Epfo, izakoreshwa mu gushyigikira iterambere ry'igice cy'imbere mu gihugu cy'umushinga wa gari ya moshi uhuza inyanja ebyiri. Gahunda yibanda ku mishinga yo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu mihanda no mu mazi mu gihe gito, ariko ikubiyemo imishinga ya gari ya moshi mu gihe kirekire, kandi Brezili ivuga ko ikeneye ubufatanye kugira ngo hubakwe gari ya moshi nshya. Kuri ubu, Brezili ishobora kwinjira muri Peru ikoresheje amazi no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga binyuze ku cyambu cya Ciancay. Gari ya moshi ya Liangyang ihuza inyanja ya Pasifika na Atalantika, ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 6.500 n'ishoramari rya mbere ringana na miliyari 80 z'amadolari ya Amerika. Umuhanda utangirira ku cyambu cya Ciancay cyo muri Peru, unyura mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba unyuze muri Peru, Boliviya na Brezili, kandi ugahuza na gari ya moshi iteganyijwe kuva mu Burasirazuba kugera mu Burengerazuba muri Brezili, ukarangira ugana iburasirazuba kuri Puerto Ileus ku nkombe ya Atalantika.
Uwo murongo niwumara gufungurwa, mu gihe kizaza, isoko rinini muri Amerika y'Epfo rizashobora kuzenguruka hagati mu cyambu cya Chankai, rifungure amarembo y'imyenda yo mu Bushinwa, kandi ubukungu bw'aho bushobora no kuzana iterambere binyuze muri uyu muyaga wo mu burasirazuba, kandi amaherezo bikazagira inyungu kuri bose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2024