Ikigo cy’Abashinwa cyo muri Amerika cyatangaje ko ku wa gatanu, White House yahagaritse ku mugaragaro itegeko ryo "gusonerwa ntarengwa" ku bicuruzwa by’Abashinwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bifite agaciro kari munsi y’amadolari 800, bikaba ari intambwe ikomeye ku butegetsi bwa Trump muri politiki y’ubucuruzi. Iri vugurura risubizaho itegeko ry’ubutegetsi ryari ryashyizweho umukono na Perezida Trump muri Gashyantare uyu mwaka. Icyo gihe, ryasubitswe kubera kutagira uburyo bwo gusuzuma bujyanye n’ibyo, bigatuma habaho akajagari aho amapaki menshi yari yuzuye mu gace k’imizigo ku kibuga cy’indege.
Dukurikije amabwiriza aheruka gutangwa n’ikigo gishinzwe imisoro n’amahoro muri Amerika (CBP), amapaki yoherejwe ava mu Bushinwa no muri Hong Kong, mu Bushinwa, azahanishwa kimwe 145% by’amafaranga asanzweho, hamwe n’andi asanzweho. Hari ibicuruzwa bike nka telefoni zigezweho. Ibi bicuruzwa bizacungwa ahanini n’ibigo bitanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa vuba nka FedEx, UPS cyangwa DHL, bifite aho bikorera ibicuruzwa byabyo.
Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe bivuye mu Bushinwa binyuze mu iposita kandi bifite agaciro katarenze amadolari 800 y'Amerika bizahura n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kubitwara. Muri iki gihe, hagomba kwishyurwa imisoro ya 120% by'agaciro k'ipake, cyangwa hagatangwa ikiguzi gihoraho cya amadolari 100 y'Amerika kuri buri pake. Bitarenze Kamena, iki giciro gihoraho kizazamuka kigere ku madolari 200 y'Amerika.
Umuvugizi wa CBP yavuze ko nubwo ikigo "gihanganye n'akazi katoroshye", cyiteguye gushyira mu bikorwa itegeko rya perezida. Ingamba nshya ntizigira ingaruka ku gihe cyo kwemererwa kwa gasutamo ku bagenzi basanzwe kuko amapaki ajyanye nacyo akorerwa ukwayo mu gace k'imizigo k'ikibuga cy'indege.
Iri hinduka rya politiki riteza ikibazo gikomeye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga z’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki zikorera mu bihugu bitandukanye, cyane cyane abacuruzi bo mu Bushinwa nka Shein na Temu bibanda ku ngamba zihendutse. Mbere bishingikirizaga cyane ku "mupaka ntarengwa" wo gusonerwa imisoro kugira ngo birinde imisoro, none ubu bazahura n’igitutu gikomeye ku nshuro ya mbere. Dukurikije isesengura, niba imisoro yose yeguriwe abaguzi, igiciro cy’ishati ya T-shirt cyari gifite agaciro ka $10 Gicurasi kizazamuka kikagera kuri $22, naho isanduku y’amasakoshi ifite agaciro ka $200 ishobora kwiyongera ikagera kuri $300. Urugero rwatanzwe na Bloomberg rugaragaza ko igitambaro cyo gusukura igikoni cya Shein cyazamutse kikava kuri $1.28 kikagera kuri $6.10, kigera kuri 377%.
Bivugwa ko mu rwego rwo gusubiza iyi politiki nshya, Temu yarangije kuvugurura sisitemu yayo mu minsi ishize, kandi uburyo bwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa bwahinduwe burundu ku buryo bwo kwerekana ibintu byihutirwa mu bubiko bwo mu gace. Kuri ubu, ibicuruzwa byose byoherezwa mu butumwa buturutse mu Bushinwa byanditseho ko "bimaze igihe gito bitaboneka".
Umuvugizi wa Temu yemeje CNBC ko mu rwego rwo kunoza serivisi, ibicuruzwa byose bigurishwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ubu bicungwa n'abacuruzi bo mu gace runaka kandi bikarangira "mu gihugu".
Umuvugizi yagize ati: “Temu yagiye ishakisha abacuruzi b’Abanyamerika kugira ngo binjire muri uru rubuga. Iki gikorwa kigamije gufasha abacuruzi bo mu gace gukurura abakiriya benshi no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwabo.”
Nubwo ukwiyongera kw'imisoro bishobora kudahita bigaragara mu makuru yemewe yerekeye izamuka ry'ibiciro, abahanga mu by'ubukungu baburira ko ingo z'Abanyamerika zizumva ingaruka zayo mu buryo butaziguye. Umuhanga mu by'ubukungu muri UBS, Paul Donovan, yavuze ati: “Imisoro mu by'ukuri ni ubwoko bw'umusoro ku bicuruzwa, wishyurwa n'abaguzi b'Abanyamerika aho kwishyurwa n'abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.”
Iyi mpinduka inateza imbogamizi ku ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa ku isi. Kate Muth, umuyobozi mukuru w’itsinda mpuzamahanga ry’ubujyanama ku maposita (IMAG), yagize ati: “Ntiturabasha kwitegura neza guhangana n’izi mpinduka, cyane cyane mu ngingo nko kumenya aho ‘inkomoko’ mu Bushinwa iherereye, aho hakiri byinshi bigomba gusobanurwa neza.” Abatanga serivisi z’ibicuruzwa bafite impungenge ko bitewe n’ubushobozi buke bwo gusuzuma, hazabaho imbogamizi. Bamwe mu basesenguzi bavuga ko ingano y’imizigo mito yoherezwa iva muri Aziya ijya muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika izagabanukaho 75%.
Amakuru aturuka mu Kigo gishinzwe Ibarura Rusange cya Amerika agaragaza ko mu mezi make ya mbere ya 2024, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gake byatumijwe mu Bushinwa kageze kuri miliyari 5.1 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bikaba ari byo byatumye biba icyiciro cya karindwi cy’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika biva mu Bushinwa, kikaba icya kabiri nyuma ya consoles z’imikino ya videwo kandi kiri hejuru gato y’ibikoresho bya mudasobwa.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko CBP yanahinduye politiki, yemerera ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa no muri Hong Kong bifite agaciro katarenze amadolari 800 y'Amerika, ndetse n'ibiva mu tundi turere bifite agaciro katarenze amadolari 2.500 y'Amerika, gukora imenyekanisha ry’imisoro ku buryo butari ngombwa hatabayeho gutanga amategeko y’imisoro n'ibisobanuro birambuye ku bicuruzwa. Iki gikorwa kigamije kugabanya ingorane mu mikorere y'ibigo by'imizigo, ariko kandi cyateje impaka. Lori Wallach, umuyobozi wa Rethink Trade, umuryango uharanira ihagarikwa rya politiki zo gusonerwa ibicuruzwa, yagize ati: “Hadakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa HTS codes ku bicuruzwa, sisitemu ya gasutamo izagorwa no gusuzuma neza no gushyira imbere ibicuruzwa bifite ibyago byinshi.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-15-2025